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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is it? |
-unwanted or harmful reaction experienced after administration or a drug under normal condition of use (within therapeutic index) -side effects are different as in some cases can be beneficial -all drug can cause ADRs. Consider risks vs benefits prior prescription |
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6 types of ADRs |
A (augmented) = increase of pharmacological action when prescribed at normal dose (predictable and most common) B (bizzarre) = not expected from known pharmacological action (unpredictable) C (chronic) = reaction that persist over time D (delayed) = reaction that becomes apparent after patient has been taking drug for a while E (end of use) = associated with withdrawal of the drug F (failure) = failure if the therapy |
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Most common drugs associated with ADRs |
- antibiotics - antipsychotic - NSAIDs - Drugs with narrow therapeutic index: warfarin, digoxin -lithium -diuretics -benzodiazepine -newly licensed meds |
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Complications ADRs |
Signs and symptoms can be subtle or obvious. Can cause: functional deterioration, change in mental health state, loss of appetite, confusion, depression/ 3 Ds = disability, discomfort, death / non- compliance with meds |
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Predisposing factors for ADRs |
-polypharmacy (taking more than one drug) - age: older and younger ppl (reduce protein binding sites, impaired organ function, polyoharmacy) - women: no reason - genetic factors -renal disease: can lead to accumulation and toxicity - hepatic disease: unable to distribute and metabolise drug |
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Drug interaction |
When 2 or more drugs interact in such a way that the effectiveness or toxicity of one or more drugs are altered. Interaction can be harmful and can reduce efficacy |
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Nurse role in managing ADRs |
- 6 Rs meds administration - assessment of medications, of previous meds, of previous reactions - know if pt uses omeopathic remedies or recreational drugs - consider age, hepatic/renal disease -understand meds and the disease of the pt |
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ADRs prevention and Prescribing considerations |
-non pharmacological treatment if appropriate - age related ADRs - check drugs interactions -prescribe new meds at the lowest effective dose - communication and information -stop - pause - reduce - treat symptoms - avoid Prescribing cascade |
