Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
229 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule |
Adenine ribose and 3 phosphate groups |
|
Energy is released from ATP when |
A phosphate group is removed |
|
A granum is a |
Stacks of thylakoids |
|
The stroma is the region outside the |
thylakoids |
|
What is the role of NADP in photosynthesis |
Electron carriers |
|
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27 Celsius the gas being collected is probably |
Oxygen |
|
Photosynthesis uses some way to convert water and carbon dioxide into |
Oxygen and high-energy sugars |
|
Which of the following is NOT in the overall reaction for photosynthesis? |
Nitrogen |
|
In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of |
Oxygen |
|
Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions? |
ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars |
|
Which of the following activities happens within the stroma? |
The Calvin cycle produces sugars |
|
The Calvin cycle is another name for the |
Light-independent reactions |
|
The Calvin cycle takes place in the |
Stroma |
|
What is a product of the Calvin cycle? |
High-energy sugars |
|
How does the Calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions? |
It takes place in the stroma |
|
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plants environment, what would you expect to happen to the plants production of high-energy sugars? |
No sugars will be produced |
|
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? |
Glycolysis-Krebs cycle-electron transport |
|
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? |
Glycolysis-Krebs cycle-electron transport |
|
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? |
602 + C6H12O6-->6CO2 + 6H2O |
|
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down |
Food molecules |
|
What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration? |
Glucose and oxygen |
|
Which of these is a product of cellular respiration? |
Water |
|
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires |
Oxygen |
|
Which process does NOT release energy from glucose? |
Photosynthesis |
|
Which if the following is one if the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes? |
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back |
|
Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to |
Mitochondria |
|
The product of photosynthesis are the |
Reactants of cellular respiration |
|
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of |
2 ATO molecules |
|
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell? |
Glycolysis |
|
The starting molecules for glycolysis is |
Glucose |
|
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell? |
Glycolysis |
|
The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is |
Pyruvic acid |
|
The product of photosynthesis are the |
Reactants of cellular respiration |
|
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell? |
Glycolysis |
|
The starting molecules for glycolysis is |
Glucose |
|
The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is |
Pyruvic acid |
|
The Krebs cycle does NOT occur if |
Oxygen is present |
|
In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by |
The Krebs cycle |
|
In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by |
The Krebs cycle |
|
What process do the arrows for oxygen going in and water coming out represent in the figure 9-2 diagram of the mitochondria? |
Electron transport |
|
In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the |
Inner mitochondrial membrane |
|
Cellular respiration uses I molecule of glucose to produce approximately |
36 ATP molecules |
|
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in |
Muscle cells |
|
The two main types of fermentation are called |
Lactic acid and anaerobic |
|
The two main types of fermentation are called |
Lactic acid and anaerobic |
|
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process? |
Alcoholic fermentation |
|
Breathing heavily after running a race is your body's way of |
Repaying an oxygen debt |
|
All the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT |
Alcoholic fermentation |
|
All the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT |
Alcoholic fermentation |
|
RNA contains the sugar |
Ribose |
|
All the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT |
Alcoholic fermentation |
|
RNA contains the sugar |
Ribose |
|
Which nucleotide in figure 13-2 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? |
Uracil |
|
Which of the following is true? |
RNA is usually single-stranded |
|
Which of the following is true? |
RNA is usually single-stranded |
|
Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts if the cell? |
mRNA |
|
Which of the following is true? |
RNA is usually single-stranded |
|
Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts if the cell? |
mRNA |
|
Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis? |
Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA,and transfer RNA |
|
From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed? |
DNA |
|
From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed? |
DNA |
|
What is produced during transcription? |
RNA molecules |
|
From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed? |
DNA |
|
What is produced during transcription? |
RNA molecules |
|
During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is |
Complementary to part of one strand of DNA |
|
What does figure 13-2 show? |
The genetic code |
|
What does figure 13-2 show? |
The genetic code |
|
How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids? |
9 |
|
In figure 13-3 which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC? |
Pro |
|
According to figure 13-3, which code specifies the same amino acid as UAU? |
UAC |
|
A promoter is a |
Binding site for RNA polymerase |
|
What happens during translation? |
The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins |
|
What happens during translation? |
The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins |
|
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends depends on the |
Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA |
|
A promoter is a |
Binding site for RNA polymerase |
|
What happens during translation? |
The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins |
|
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends depends on the |
Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA |
|
A protein is being assembled when |
RNA is being translated |
|
What happens during translation? |
The cell uses messenger RNA code to make proteins |
|
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends depends on the |
Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA |
|
A protein is being assembled when |
RNA is being translated |
|
Genes contain instructions for assembling |
Proteins |
|
Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms? |
DNA to RNA to protein |
|
The genetic code is always read |
3 bases at a time in the same direction |
|
In eukaryotes |
Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm |
|
A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called |
A point mutation |
|
A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called |
A point mutation |
|
Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation ANDa type if gene mutation? |
Deletion |
|
A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called |
A point mutation |
|
Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation ANDa type if gene mutation? |
Deletion |
|
When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is |
Lost |
|
Most mutations |
Have no effect one an organism |
|
Most mutations |
Have no effect one an organism |
|
What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants? |
They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants |
|
A lac repressor turns OFF the lac genes by |
Binding to the operator |
|
A lac repressor turns OFF the lac genes by |
Binding to the operator |
|
Which is involved with the regulation of eukaryotic genes? |
TATA box |
|
Which of the following is part of only prokaryotic genes? |
Operon |
|
What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes? |
Transcription factors |
|
What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes? |
Transcription factors |
|
Hoc genes determine an animals |
Body plan |
|
What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes? |
Transcription factors |
|
Hoc genes determine an animals |
Body plan |
|
How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype |
46 |
|
Sickle cell disease is caused by a |
Change in one allele |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is |
100 base pairs long |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is |
100 base pairs long |
|
The human genome project is an attempt to |
Sequence the DNA of every human gene |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is |
100 base pairs long |
|
The human genome project is an attempt to |
Sequence the DNA of every human gene |
|
What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests? |
Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is |
100 base pairs long |
|
The human genome project is an attempt to |
Sequence the DNA of every human gene |
|
What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests? |
Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law |
|
Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect? |
Inbreeding |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is |
100 base pairs long |
|
The human genome project is an attempt to |
Sequence the DNA of every human gene |
|
What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests? |
Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law |
|
Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect? |
Inbreeding |
|
Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn? |
Teosinte plants with the desired trait were hybridized until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were inbred |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is |
100 base pairs long |
|
The human genome project is an attempt to |
Sequence the DNA of every human gene |
|
What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests? |
Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law |
|
Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect? |
Inbreeding |
|
Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn? |
Teosinte plants with the desired trait were hybridized until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were inbred |
|
To create animals that have the characteristics of both species, some people have bred buffalo and cattle together. This is an example of |
Hybridization |
|
People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because they |
Have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells |
|
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied? |
Gel electrophoresis |
|
Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is |
100 base pairs long |
|
The human genome project is an attempt to |
Sequence the DNA of every human gene |
|
What prevents insurance companies from discriminating against people based on information derived from genetic tests? |
Discrimination based on genetic information is against the law |
|
Which of the following has the disadvantage if possibly bringing two recessive alleles together and causing a genetic defect? |
Inbreeding |
|
Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce corn? |
Teosinte plants with the desired trait were hybridized until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring were inbred |
|
To create animals that have the characteristics of both species, some people have bred buffalo and cattle together. This is an example of |
Hybridization |
|
To produce animals with certain desirable characteristics by selective breeding, human stake advantage of |
The natural variations that exist among individuals |
|
Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs |
Change the number of chromosomes found in cells |
|
Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria? |
They will live |
|
Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs |
Change the number of chromosomes found in cells |
|
Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria? |
They will live |
|
During transformation |
A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell |
|
Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs |
Change the number of chromosomes found in cells |
|
Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria? |
They will live |
|
During transformation |
A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell |
|
Which protein creates DNA fragments with sticky ends? |
Restriction enzyme |
|
The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called |
Genetic engineering |
|
The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called |
Genetic engineering |
|
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as |
Recombinant DNA |
|
The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called |
Genetic engineering |
|
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as |
Recombinant DNA |
|
Is a restriction enzyme leaves a sticky end with the sequence TTAA, what will the sequence of the complementary sticky end be? |
AATT |
|
The process of making chances in the DNA code of a living organism is called |
Genetic engineering |
|
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as |
Recombinant DNA |
|
Is a restriction enzyme leaves a sticky end with the sequence TTAA, what will the sequence of the complementary sticky end be? |
AATT |
|
Which of the following would require the use of recombinant DNA? |
Engineering bacteria that produce human insulin |
|
Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies? |
Because they can be used to transform bacteria |
|
Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies? |
Because they can be used to transform bacteria |
|
A plant cell is successfully transformed if |
The cell integrates foreign DNA into one of its chromosomes |
|
Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms? |
Bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant |
|
Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms? |
Bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant |
|
Dolly is a sheep produced by cloning, which of the following is a difference between Dolly and animals produced by sexual reproduction? |
The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual |
|
What is a advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins? |
Transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins in large amounts |
|
Which if the following is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide? |
By cotton |
|
Which if the following is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide? |
By cotton |
|
When the gene for Bt toxin is inserted into corn, farmers can use less |
Pesticide |
|
Which if the following is made with recombinant DNA technology and helps farmers use less insecticide? |
By cotton |
|
When the gene for Bt toxin is inserted into corn, farmers can use less |
Pesticide |
|
GM crops that produce a higher yield per plant than unmodified crops would |
Produce more food for the same acreage |
|
What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants? |
Increasing the food supply |
|
Which of the following is a direct benefit to farmers planting Bt corn? |
Farmers can decease their use of insecticides |
|
Which of the following is a direct benefit to farmers planting Bt corn? |
Farmers can decease their use of insecticides |
|
The purpose of gene therapy is to |
Treat genetic disorders |
|
Which of the following is a direct benefit to farmers planting Bt corn? |
Farmers can decease their use of insecticides |
|
The purpose of gene therapy is to |
Treat genetic disorders |
|
Gene therapy is successful if the |
Replacement gene is expressed in the persons cells |
|
The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that |
No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA |
|
The use of DNA fingerprinting relies on the fact that |
No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA |
|
What is shown in figure 15-3? |
DNA fingerprints |
|
Which of the following is trite of patents in biotechnology? |
A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain research |
|
Which of the following is trite of patents in biotechnology? |
A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain research |
|
One reason farmers often choose GM crops over non-GM crops because GM crops are |
More productive |
|
According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases |
F |
|
According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases |
F |
|
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide |
False -oxygen |
|
According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases |
F -increases |
|
According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases |
F -increases |
|
The reactants of photosynthesis are the same as the reactants of cellular respiration |
F -products |
|
According to the graph in figure 8-8, the rate of photosynthesis in shade and sun plants decreases and then levels off as light intensity increases |
False -increases |
|
The reactants of photosynthesis are the same as the reactants of cellular respiration |
False -products |
|
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain |
True |
|
The three types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA |
True |
|
The three types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA |
True |
|
According to the chart figure 13-3, the codes GGA and GGU both code for Ala |
False -Gly |
|
According to the chart figure 13-3, the codes GGA and GGU both code for Ala |
False -Gly |
|
The anticodon AGA is complementary to the mRNA codon TCT |
False -UCU |
|
According to the chart figure 13-3, the codes GGA and GGU both code for Ala |
False -Gly |
|
The anticodon AGA is complementary to the mRNA codon TCT |
False -UCU |
|
When DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis, the longest fragments move fastest |
False -shortest |
|
Information from the Human Genome Project can be used to lean more about human diseases |
True |
|
Animal breeders maintain cat and dog breeds by the process of hybridization |
False -inbreeding |
|
Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population |
True |
|
Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population |
True |
|
A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each gene |
True |
|
Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population |
True |
|
A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each gene |
True |
|
Scientists use genetic markers to determine which cells have been successfully transform |
True |
|
Exposing bacteria to radiation or certain chemicals can increase the frequency of mutations that occur within the population |
True |
|
A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each gene |
True |
|
Scientists use genetic markers to determine which cells have been successfully transform |
True |
|
During a polymerase chain reaction, the number of DNA copies increases exponentially with each cycle |
True |
|
Framers growing Bt corn can use more insecticide than farmers growing the same amount of non-GM corn |
False -less |
|
Framers growing Bt corn can use more insecticide than farmers growing the same amount of non-GM corn |
False -less |
|
Transgenic plants are often used to simulate humans in medical tests |
False -animals |
|
DNA fingerprints analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but are similar from person to person |
False -different |
|
Patenting a process, such as PCR, restricts the use if the process to the patent holder and to those who pay a fee |
True |