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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cross-sectional designs
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different ages interviewed at one time
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longitudinal designs
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one group, interviewed over time at different times in life
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time-lag designs
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different people interviewed at the same age over time
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sequential designs
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combination of others, interviewing people of different ages at certain different periods in time
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naturalistic observation
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watching someone - time consuming, only one behavior, opportunity for bias
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self-report/interview/survey
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Saves time and money, but people can lie - may be confused if questions are unclear
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experiment
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a test, trying to measure something
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case study
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one person studied in a very detailed manner
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organismic model
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European - nature based - includes psychosocial, psychoanalytic theories -post WW2, due to advances in medicine, biology, genetics
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id
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biological drive (unconcious)
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ego
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reality
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superego
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conscience, morality
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Freud's Stages
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Oral, angal, phallic, latency, genital
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Erikson's stages
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Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Doubt/Shame Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Identity Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Self-Absorption Integrity vs. Despair |
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crisis
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turning point, pass/fail determines development
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schema
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nature of mental structures and changes
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Piaget's Stages
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Sensory motor
Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational |
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Contemporary theories
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neurobiological theory, psychophysiological, contextual, attachment
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baby boom
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79 million born after WWII - 1/3 of the US population, largest genration in history
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population pyramid
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largest group is youngest
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mechanistic model
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individual is a passive recipient of environmental influence - all behavior thought learned - tabula rasa - Watson, Skinner
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contextual model
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Product of complex interaction between nurture/nature - method limitation, lack of scientific objectivity - relevant for specific setting (culture, race, religion)
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psychosocial
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life span theory, ego identity, social aspects - diffcult to test, abstract, lack of empirical evidence
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attachment
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internal working model of attachment relationships
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information processing theory
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humans are computers
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Brofenbrenner
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Ecological system theory - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem
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self-concept
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knowledge about self - cognition - what self is like - self-schema
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self-esteem
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components of self - feelings about self - someone else contributes - feeling, opinion, evaluation
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self-efficacy
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whether one has ability to complete or accomplish a task - "I think I can" - "success breeds success"
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identity
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Who am I? What do I believe? Where am I going? Decision making for adulthood
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4 variables which affect self
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Gender, Age, Culture, Race/Ethinicity
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Skinner
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Reinforcement
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Bandura
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Modeling
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microsystem
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innermost level, immediate settings
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mesosystem
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relationships between settings - home, school, work, etc.
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exosystem
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settings not actively participated in - media, child's school, school board meetings
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macrosystem
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widely shaerd values, beliefs, customs, laws
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