Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the triggers for CRH release? |
1. Stress of any kind 2. Various neurotransmitters |
|
|
What are the inhibitors of CRH release? |
1. Cortisol 2. ACTH |
|
|
What is the effect of CRH? |
1. Release of ACTH from anterior pituitary |
|
|
What are the potentiators of CRH-induced ACTH release? |
1. Vasopressin 2. Angiotensin II |
|
|
What is the inhibitor of CRH-induced ACTH release? |
1. Oxytocin |
|
|
What is the inhibitor of ACTH release? |
1. Cortisol |
|
|
What is the effect of ACTH? |
1. Release of corticosteroids from adrenal gland |
|
|
What are the triggers of cortisol secretion? |
1. ACTH 2. ADH-- augments ACTH release |
|
|
What is the effect of cortisol on ADH secretion? |
1. Inhibition |
|
|
What triggers the secretion of aldosterone? |
1. Elevated plasma K
|
|
|
What inhibits the secretion of aldosterone? |
1. Withdrawal of stimulus |
|
|
What triggers the release of aldosterone from the renin/angiotensin/aldosterone axis? |
1. Angiotensin II |
|
|
What is the trigger of aldosterone secretion from the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis? |
1. ACTH |
|
|
What triggers the release of androgens? Inhibits? |
1. ACTH-- in general 2. Inhibits-- withdrawal of stimulus |
|
|
How does ACTH travel in the plasma? |
1. Unbound |
|
|
How does cortisol travel in the blood? |
1. Bound to specific globulin |
|
|
How does aldosterone travel in the plasma? |
1. Bound to CBG and albumin |
|
|
How do androgens travel in the blood? |
1. Bound to albumin or steroid-binding protein |
|
|
How are androgens cleared? |
1. Sulfated or glucuronidated by liver and kidney and excreted |
|
|
What is the mission of cortisol? |
1. Restore levels of liver glycogen after a fast 2. Regulate serum glucose so that glycogen synthesis in the liver is promoted |
|
|
What does cortisol promote outside of the liver? |
1. Catabolism of existing proteins to AA 2. Inhibits synthesis of new protein |
|
|
What does cortisol promote inside the liver? |
1. Uptake and degradation of AA 2. Synthesis of glucose and glycogen from AA degradation products |
|
|
What are the actions of cortisol? |
1. Carb metabolism in all tissues 2. Protein metabolism-- not in liver 3. Fat metabolism in adipose tissue |
|
|
How does cortisol affect the cardiovascular system? |
1. Optimizes performance 2. Sensitizes arterioles to adrenergic agonists 3. maintains blood volume |
|
|
What is the main ACTH crosstalk effect? |
1. Bone turnover through influence on IL-1 and 6 as well as vitamin D |
|
|
What occurs in Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)? |
1. Adrenal gland is unresponsive to ACTH |
|
|
What occurs in secondary adrenal insufficiency? |
1. Hypothalamic or pituitary deficiency |
|
|
What are the ssx of adrenal insufficiency? |
1. Adrenal atrophy 2. Hypoglycemia 3. Hyperpigmentation (primary only) 4. Hypotension |
|
|
How can you test for adrenal insufficiency? |
1. CRH or ACTH challenge 2. Look for downstream element |
|
|
What occurs in Cushing's syndrome? |
1. ACTH-independent-adrenal gland overproduces cortisol 2. ACTH-dependent-- chronic ACTH hypersecretion |
|
|
What are the ssx of Cushings? |
1. Adrenal hypertrophy 2. Hyperglycemic 3. Protein wasting 4. Hyperpigmentaiton 5. HTN 6. Regional obesity |
|
|
How do you test for Cushings? |
1. Dexamethasone suppression--- suppression of the axis |
|
|
What is the primary trigger for aldosterone release? |
1. High plasma K 2. Lower membrane potential allows Ca channels to open 3. High Ca stimulates conversion of cholesterol to aldosterone 4. Aldosterone diffuses out of the cell |
|
|
What is the secondary trigger for aldosterone release? |
1. Angiotensin II |
|
|
What is the trigger for renin release? |
1. Hypovolemia 2. B-adrenergic stimulation |
|
|
What is the function of renin? |
1. Convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I |
|
|
What is the tertiary trigger for aldosterone release? |
1. ACTH-- only when pathologically high |
