Adaptive Immune System

Front 1

What type of cell is an "antibody-secreting factory"?

Back 1

Plasma or B-cell

Front 2

What's the difference btw humoral & cell-mediated immunity?

Back 2

Humoral: attacks antigens outside of the host cell.
Cell-Mediated: attacks antigens within the cell.

Front 3

Where do B-cells develop? Are they part of the cell-mediated or humoral immunity?

Back 3

Bone marrow, humoral

Front 4

What cells can form memory cells following activation?

Back 4

B-cells, T-helper cells, and T-cytotoxic cells

Front 5

What is the difference btw an antigen and an immunogen ?

Back 5

Antigen: any molecule that reacts specifically with an antibody or an antibody receptor on a hymphocyte.
Immunogen: molecule that actually induces an immune response.

Front 6

What is an antigen?

Back 6

Any molecule that reacts specifically with an antibody or an antibody receptor on a hymphocyte.

Front 7

What is an immunogen?

Back 7

Molecule that actually induces an immune response.

Front 8

What six ways do antibodies protect the host?

Back 8

1-By blocking attachment sites of the microbe or preventing motility.
2-By opsonizing the antigen
3- Agglutinating or precipitating antigens
4- activating the complement system
5-binding in order to destruct an infected self cell
6-neutralizing the antigen by preventing the antigen's interaction with host cells.

Front 9

What type of T-cell helps prevent the immune system from attacking self cells?

Back 9

Regulatory T-cells

Front 10

What do T-helper cells do?

Back 10

Provide direction & support to cytotoxic T-cells & B-cells

Front 11

The only pre-natal antibody that can be transported across the placenta.

Back 11

IgG

Front 12

Binds to immune system cells

Back 12

IgE

Front 13

Most abundant antibodies produced

Back 13

IgA

Front 14

Sparks Antibody-Dependent Cellular toxicity.

Back 14

IgG

Front 15

Equips cells with the ability to sniff out parasites

Back 15

IgE

Front 16

The only antibody formed by the fetus

Back 16

IgM

Front 17

IgG and IgE....

Back 17

antibodies that stimulate the classical pathway

Front 18

Is responsible for protecting mucus membranes

Back 18

IgA

Front 19

Most abundant in the blood and tissues

Back 19

IgG

Front 20

Indicates recent infection

Back 20

IgM

Front 21

IgG and IgA

Back 21

are present in breast milk

Front 22

Helps w/ the development and maturation of the antibody response

Back 22

IgD

Front 23

Is produced during primary immune system response

Back 23

White blood cells, B-lymphocytes in particular

Front 24

More than one B-cell can recognize a pathogen

Back 24

True

Front 25

What is clonal selection?

Back 25

The process of cell-antigen binding such that only those cells that can create the antibodies for an antigen are bound to the antigen

Front 26

What is the difference btw activated and effector lymphocytes

Back 26

The activated lymphocytes that have confirmed the presence and danger of the antigen, the "parent" of effector lymphocytes or "clones."
Effector lymphocytes are the cells which can "do something" about the antigens specifically produce cytokines or other substances-the armies of the parent lymphocytes.

Front 27

When B-cells produce clones

Back 27

they secrete IgM antibodies, although they can class switch as needed for the situation.

Front 28

How long does it take for generous amounts of antibodies to be detected in the blood following first exposure to an antigen?

Back 28

10 days to 2weeks

Front 29

You can get a titer done to see if u have received a vaccine or not. what does titer mean?

Back 29

The concentration of antibodies in the blood

Front 30

When does affinity maturation occur?

Back 30

During clonal expansion

Front 31

LPS is a T-independent antigen

Back 31

True

Front 32

Two reasons why the secondary response is faster than the first?

Back 32

More cells to respond, & due to affinity maturation, memory cells are able to bind antigen more tightly and therefore produce antibodies which bind the antigen more tightly

Front 33

3 types of cells; B-cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages....

Back 33

All have MHC class II molecules on their surfaces

Front 34

Dendritic cells can either have Y-helper or Cytotoxic T-cells

Back 34

True

Front 35

What do activated T-helper cells do?

Back 35

Activate B-cells & macrophages, stimulate outer T-cells, & orchestrate other immune responses

Front 36

How do dendritic cells activate T-cells ?

Back 36

They present antigens and co-stimulatory molecules produced by Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) to T-cells to activate them

Front 37

What type of cytokine stimulates T-cell growth?

Back 37

lL-2

Front 38

Do CD-8 cells read material on MHC I or MHC II molecules?

Back 38

MHC class I

Front 39

Why do CD-8 cells induce apoptosis as opposed to lysis of the cell?

Back 39

There is less of a possiblity of spreading infection if cell undergoes apoptosis than if it lysed.

Front 40

What is a Hapten?

Back 40

A molecule that binds a B-receptor but does not stimulate antibody production unless it is attached to a protein carrier.

Front 41

What type of cells do Natural killer cells destroy ?

Back 41

Those without MHC I molecules and those cells covered in IgG antibodies

Front 42

Which macromolecules elicit a strong immune response? which don't?

Back 42

Proteins and polysaccharides elicit strong responses, nucleic acids And lipids do not

Front 43

Which class of antibodies has the only pentamer structure?

Back 43

IgM

Front 44

What is removed from lymph when it arrives at the lymph nodes?

Back 44

protein and cells

Front 45

What is the lymphoid system made up of ?

Back 45

Lymphatic vessels, secondary and primary lymphoid organs

Front 46

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

Back 46

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, and the appendix

Front 47

What is the main difference btw naive and activated lymphocytes?

Back 47

Naive lymphocytes have an antigen receptor, but have not encountered their specific antigen.
Activated: activated lymphocytes have bound antigen and can duplicate themselvr and produce effector cells

Front 48

Example of a T-independent antigen?

Back 48

poly or lipopolysaccharides

Front 49

What is affinity maturation?

Back 49

When B-cell receptors w/ the greatest affinity for the antigen are chosen via natural selection to proliferate.