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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
COPD
A preventable and treatable disease state characterized by limitations in airflow that are not fully reversible
Main risk factor for COPD
Tabocco smoking
Symptoms of COPD
cough, sputum prodiction and dyspnea
Asthma
A chronic disorder of the airways characterized by variable and recuring symptoms, airflow obstruction, hyperresponsiveness of the bronchioles and underlying inflammation
Causes of Asthma
genetics and environmental factors
Symptoms of Asthma
coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and faster or noisy breathing
Restrictive Lung Disease
a large group of disorders that restrict or reduce lung volume and tidal volume.
Arteriosclerosis
loss of elasticity of the arteries, which is characterized by thickening and hardening of artery walls
Atherosclerosis
process whereby fatty material is deposited along the walls of arteries. This fatty material hardens, thickens and may eventually block the artery.
Thrombosis
blood clot that forms in a blood vessel or heart chamber and remains there.
Embolus
a thrombus that travels from whete is was formed to another location
Platelet inhibitors
agents, such as aspirin, warfin (Coumadin), or Plavix, have been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events (mortality and morbidity) in persons with or at high risk for acute CVD events
B Adrenergic Blockers
rduce ischemia by lowering myocardial oxygen demand for any given workload; lowers BP and control ventricular arrhythmias; reduce first-year mortality rate in patients after an MI by 20-35%
Calcium Channel Antoagonists
reduce ischemia at any given workload by altering the major determinants of myocardial oxygen supply and demand; some reduce resting and exercise HR; a;; reduce resting and exercise BP; have not been shown to reduce post-MI mortality
Nitrates
reduce ischemia by reducing myocardial oxygen demand with a small increase in oxygen supply; have not been shown to reduce post-MI mortality
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors
reduce myocardial oxygen demand by reducing systemic vascular resistance and thus may increase exercise tolerance in those with left ventricular dysfunction; vasodilatation of the systemic vasculature reduces resting and exercise blood pressure
Aldosteron Antagonists
been shown to improve survival in pateints with CHF; blunts SA and AV node conduction, which results in a lower ventricular response in those with atrial fibrillation or tachycardia; used in treatment for CHF
Digitalis
enhances contractility of myocardium resulinting in increased stroke volume; blunts SA and AV node conduction, which results in a lower ventricular response in those with atrial fibrillation or tachycardia; used in treatment for CHF
Diuretics
Reduces blood pressure by increasing the renal excretion of sodium, potassium and other ions, which results in a loss of water as urine; used when mild reduction in BP is warranted; slight effect on resting and exercise BP, no effect on resting or exercise HR; may increase exercise tolerance in those with CHF