Acquired Bone Disorders

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What does osteoporosis mean? What are some causes? What are some consequences?

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Front 2

What is the pathogenies of osteoporosis? What two processes contribute? (think about estrogen, ILs, osteoblast and osteoclast activity)

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Front 3

Which is normal and which is osteoporotic?

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Left = normal

Front 4

Which is normal, which is osteoporotic?

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Left = normal

Front 5

What complication of osteoporosis is shown here?

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Front 6

What do biphosphonates do? When are they released? What signaling do they modulate? What bones are the they concentrated in and where are they located?

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Front 7

What two drugs can inhibit osteoclasts?

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Denosumab and Odanacatib

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?

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?

Front 9

What are the three types of fractures shown?

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Front 13

In this recent fracture of the fibula, identify the callus.

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Front 14

What process is taking place here? Identify the resolving hemorrhage, the fractured bony trabeculae, and the unmineralized bone.

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Front 15

What connects the ends of healed, previously broken bone, with no union of bone with bone (hence a "nonunion")

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Front 16

What are two ways to prevent a fibrous nonunion?

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Front 17

What process is shown here?

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Osteonecrosis

Front 18

What is a disease you can see osteonecrosis in? What image is normal and which is abnormal? Describe the abnormal.

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Front 19

What is the process happening in this sickle cell patient? What is swelling? What is the "descriptor" for what is happening at the end of the fourth phalanx? What could be the disease?

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Front 20

Osteonecrosis in sickle cell disease:

Chronic ______ + secondary osteoarthritis with advanced changes of irregular sclerosis + ________ on both sides of the knee joint reflecting numerous poor infarcts. What is narrowed?

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Narrowed due to secondary osteoarthritis

Front 21

Osteonecrosis in sickle cell disease:

What is this characteristic called? Old _____ within new ______; following multiple _______ of long bones, sclerosis may have this appearance.

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Front 22

What is the process? Identify hemorrhage, necrosis, and purulence.

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Front 23

What is the process? Identify the old clot, necrotic bone manifested by empty lacunes, and polys.

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Front 24

Osteomyelitis: identify reactive (involucrum, necrotic (sequestrum), periosteum, and sinuses

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Front 25

What is involuvrum?

What is sequestrum?

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Involucrum = subperiosteal shell of reactive viable new bone

Sequestrum = inner old necrotic cortex

Front 26

Identify "involucrum" and "sequestrum" in this osteomyelitis image.

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Front 27

What are the three major components of osteomyelitis in diabetes? What indicated by the arrow in the calcaneus?

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Front 28

What are some symptoms of Paget disease of bone?

What will you see histologically?

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Front 29

What do you notice in this proximal femur with Paget disease? Irregular, thick, replacement, etc.

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Front 30

What two phases are mixed in Paget disease? What happens in the osteosclerotic phase? What histologic hallmark is prominent?

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Front 31

What is the disease? Identify 1, 2, and 3 (phases)

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Front 32

What is a disease caused by inadequate vitamin D and/or calcium in children? What does it produces in adults?

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Front 33

What is the disease? What stain is used? Surfaces of _________ (black) are covered by a layer of ___________ (dark pink).

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Front 34

Look over...

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Front 35

What are two causes of hyperparathyroidism? Which type on left and on right?

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Front 36

What is this? Two characteristics of this lesion.

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Front 37

What is the condition? Identify the hemorrhagic cysts and the brown tumor. What does it cause?

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Front 38

Hyperparathyroidism:

What is is this an image of? What is mixed with osteoclasts?

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