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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the properties of acids |
corrosive, sour, liquids, react with metals to form hydrogen, |
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give 3 examples each of weak and strong acids |
weak - methanoic acid, citric acid, tannic acid, ethanoic acid strong - nitric, sulphuric, hydrochloric |
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properties of alkali |
bitter, soapy, turn red litmus paper to blue, corrosive |
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3 examples of strong and weak alkali |
weak - ammonia, sodium bicarbonate strong - sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide |
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examples of neutral substances |
sodium chloride and sugar |
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differentiate strong and weak acids/alkalis |
strong acids/alkali dissociate completely while weak ones dissociate incompletely |
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how to form salts |
heat and evaporate a solution of acid and bases |
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examples of a base |
alkalies, metal oxides and hydroxides, metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates, ammonia |
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summary of acid reactions acid and metal acid and metal hydroxide acid and metal carbonate acid and metal oxide |
acid and metal - salt and hydrogen acid and metal hydroxide - salt and water acid and metal carbonate - salt and water and carbon dioxide acid and metal oxide - salt and water |
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what ions do acids and alkali contain? |
hydroxide - alkali hydrogen - acids |
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how does an alkali neutralize an acid? |
by removing its hydrogen ions and turning them into water |
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is neutralization exothermic? |
yes |
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how do you make sure that neutralization is complete? |
by testing the colour of the indicator |
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why are alkalis good in cleaning |
it attacks grease |
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insect stings (acidic) --- what to do? |
calamine lotion or vinegar
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indigestion -- what to do? |
take in antacid or a baking soda solution |
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how to adjust soil ph? |
treat acidic soil by adding quicklime, slaed lime or limestone |
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factory waste --- what to do? |
add slaked lime to the river |
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how is acid rain formed? |
when acidic waste gases combines with water vapour in the atmosphere. |
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properties of metals |
good conductors, malleable, ductile, have high melting and boiling points, react to form compounds |
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what is the law of triads and who put forward it? |
it states that elements with the same properties exist in triads, and that the atomic weight of the middle one is the average of the other two. Johann Dobereiner |
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what is the law of octaves and who proposed it? |
an element behaves like the eight one following it. john newlands |
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what does "periodic" mean |
repeating pattern of properties |
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why do we have to use a burette |
control how much solution is dispensed little by little |
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alcohol plus bleach equals? |
chloroform. paralysis (affects the nervouse system and the eyes) |
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how did mendeleev come up with the periodic table? |
arranged cards of elements on a table according to the increasing atomic weight. |
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what were the three groups predicted for unexisting elemts? |
eka-aluminium, eka-boron, eka-silicon |
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lustrous and shiny difference |
lustrous - reflects light shiny - from within |
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ferrous and non-ferrous differences |
ferrous - contain iron and corrodes unless protected, alloys non-ferrous - pure metals, dont contain iron |
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5 examples of alloys |
nichrome - nickel and chromium bronze - copper and tin brass - copper and zinc white gold - gold and nickel manganese steel - carbon and manganese |
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properties of alkali metals |
soft, reactive, good conductors, low melting and boiling points, low density |
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how do alkali react with water |
they give our hydroxide and hydrogen gas. the hydroxides give alkaline solution |
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alkali metal reaction with chlorine and oxygen |
with chlorine - give out chlorides, burst out to flames with oxygen - flame, different color, give out oxides |
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why do alkali metals form ionic compounds |
metal ions have a charge of 1+ |
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what are the metals in group 1 |
rb, fr, li, na, k, cs |
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describe the trends in group 1 |
reactivity + density + softness + melting and boiling points - |
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why do alkali metals become more reactive |
since the valence electron is farther when an atom is bigger, it is more likely to be lst due to the weak attraction with the positively charged nucleus |
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describe group 2 |
alkali earth metals are insoluble |
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transition melas properties |
hear, high m and b points, good conductors, high density, less reactive |
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uses of transition metals |
suitable for building structures (abundant and inexpensive) - in the form of alloys electric wires |
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what is the reactivity series |
a table that shows the different reactivity levels of metals |
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competing for oxygen |
when a metal is heated with an oxide of a less reactive metal, it takes the oxygen from it. it is exothermic. |
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what is displacement reaction |
it is when a metal displaces a less reactive metal from solution of its compounds |
