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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proximal
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Anatomical term meaning toward the attached end of the limb, origin of the structure, or midline of the body; opposite of distal
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Puncture
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A peircing wound from a sharp object that makes a small hole in the skin
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Range of motion (ROM)
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The number of degrees that an articulation (joint) will allow one of its segments to move
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Rapport
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A relationship of mutual trust, harmony, or emotional affinity
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Rating of perceived exertion (RPE)
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Developed by Borg, this scale provides a standard means for evaluating a participant's perception of their physical exertion; the original scale rated exertion on a scale of 6-20; the revised scale is 0-10
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Reciprocal innervation (inhibition)
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Reflex co-acting with stretch reflex to inhibit activity of an opposing muscle group
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Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
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Recommended vitamin and mineral intake for most people to obtain optimum health
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Residual volume
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The volume of air left in the lungs after complete expiration
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Resistive force
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A force that resists the motion of another external force
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Resorption
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The loss of tissue (e.g., bone) by the breakdown of the tissue, which is soaked up by the blood
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Resting heart rate (RHR)
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The number of heart beats per minute when the body is completely at rest; usually counted first thing in the morning before any activity
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Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
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The number of calories expended per unit time at rest. It is measured early in the morning after an overnight fast and at least 8 hours of sleep. The sleep is at home and the measurement is in the lab
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Retraction
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Scapular adduction
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of connective tissues and joints
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Risk factor
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A condition, behavior (such as smoking), inherited trait, or a disease that increases one's risk for a given disease
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Risk management
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Minimizing the risk of potential legal liability
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Sagittal plane
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Anatomical term referring to the imaginary longitudinal line that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sections
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Sarcolemma
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The membrane surrounding the sarcomere, which is the functional unit of muscle fiber
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Sarcomere
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Repeating unit of a muscle fiber
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Sarcopenia
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A loss of skeletal muscle mass that may accompany aging
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Sarcoplasma
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A gelatin-like tissue surrounding the sarcomere, which is the functional unit of muscle fiber
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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The form of endoplasmic reticulum where calcium is stored to be used for muscle activation; located in striated muscle fibers
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Saturated fats
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Fatty acids carrying the maximum number of hydrogen atoms; these fats are solid at room temperature and are usually of animal origin
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Scoliosis
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A lateral curvature of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic area
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Scope of practice
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The range and limit of responsibilities normally associated with a specific job or profession
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Secondary assessment
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After immediate life-or-limb threatening injuries/illnesses have been identified, this more through evaluation is performed to identify more subtle, yet still imporant, injuries
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Sedentary
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Doing or requiring much sitting; not active
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Seizure
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A disorder originating from the brain in which there is a disturbance of movement, behavior, sensation, or consciousness
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Set-point theory
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The weight-control theory that states that each person has an established normal body weight. Any deviation from this set point will lead to changes in the body metabolism to return to the normal weight
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Shaping
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The reinforcement of successive approximation of a goal until the result is reached
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Sliding filament theory
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A generally accepted theory explaining the interaction between actin and myosin proteins and ATP to cause muscle contraction
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Slow-twitch (Type I) fiber
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A muscle fiber characterized by its slow speed of contraction and a high capacity for aerobic glycolysis
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Specificity of training principle
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A key concept of periodization that states that for an individual to become proficient at any given movement, that movement must be trained and praticed; a specific demand (e.g., exercise) made on the body will result in a specific response of the body
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Sphygmomanometer
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An instrument for measuring blood pressure in the arteries
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Spondylolisthesis
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Forward displacement of one vertebra over another; usually occurs at the 4th or 5th lumbar vertebrae
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Spondylolysis
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Dissolution (dissolving into another) of a vertebra; usually begins with a stress fracture
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Sprain
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A traumatic joint twist that results in stretching or tearing of the stabilizing connective tissues; mainly involves ligaments or joint capsules, and causes discoloration, swelling, and pain
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Stabilizer muscles
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Muscles that stabilize one joint so a disired movement can be performed in another joint
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Stabilizing muscle contractions
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An aspect of coordination; isometric contractions that support the trunk, limit movement in a joint, or control balance
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Stages-of-change model
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A lifestyle-modification model that suggests that people go through distinct, predictable stages when making lifestyle changes; precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The process is not always linear
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Standard of care
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Appropriateness of an exercise professional's actions in light of current professional standards and based on the age, condition, and knowledge of the participant
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Static flexibility
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Range of motion (ROM) about a joint with little emphasis on speed of movement
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Static (passive) stretch
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A low-force, long-duration stretch that holds the desired muscles at their greatest possible length for 15 to 30 seconds
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Strain
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A stretch, tear, or rip in the muscles remaining in the elongated position for an extended period of time
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Stretch weakness
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The weakening effect on muscles remaining in the elongated position for an extended period of time
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Stroke
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A sudden and often severe attack due to blockage of an artery into the brain
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Stroke volume
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The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle during one heartbeat
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Subluxation
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A partial dislocation of a joint that usually reduces itself
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Submaximal aerobic exercise test
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A cardiorespiratory fitness test designed so that the intensity does not exceed 85% of heart-rate reserve or maximal oxygen uptake. This provides an estimation of maximal oxygen uptake without the risks associated with maximal exercise testing
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Superficial
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External; located close to or on the body surface
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