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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tumor cells secrete what substance?
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Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)
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PTHrP then stimulates what cells?
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Osteoblasts
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What do the osteoblasts secrete when stimulated?
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RANK ligand
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This ligand then binds to osteoclasts and stimulates the secretion of what two substances?
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Transforming growth factor-B (TGF-B)
lnsulin-derived growth factor (IGF) |
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What is the net effect of these growth factors?
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Tumor growth
Release of more PTHrP (cycle repeats itself) |
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What cofactor is required to facilitate the RANK-RANK ligand interaction?
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Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
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What is the cause of osteogenic rickets?
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Secretion of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23)
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What is the resultant effect?
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Decreased renal reabsorption of calcium
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What is the sequence of live events leading to metastasis?
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Tumor growth and increased vascularity
Metalloproteinases degrade type IV collagen (present within the basement membrane) Tumor cells enter the bloodstream Tumor cells embolize Tumor invades vessel wall to grow at a new location |
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What are the five most common tumors that metastasize to bone?
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Breast
Prostate Lung Kidney Thyroid |
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What type of thyroid cancer is especially likely to metastasize to bone?
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Follicular
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What is the No. 1 location to which bony metastases go?
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Thoracic vertebral body
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Besides lung cancer, what other cancer also metastasizes distally (e.g., to
hands)? |
Renal cell
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What four sarcomas classically metastasize to lymph nodes?
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Rhabdomyosarcoma
Synovial sarcoma Epithelioid sarcoma Clear cell sarcoma |
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What is the usual function of P-glycoprotein?
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Pumps out cellular toxins
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What is the significance of P-glycoprotein and chemotherapy?
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Pumps out chemotherapeutic agents and may contribute to
chemotherapy resistance |
