Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What percentage of the gait cycle does the stance phase comprise?
|
60%
|
|
|
What are the three divisions of the stance phase?
|
Heel strike
Foot flat Toe off |
|
|
What is the position of the hindfoot at heel strike?
|
Omverted
|
|
|
What is the position of the hindfoot a foot flat?
|
Everted (subtalar join unlocked)
|
|
|
What is the position of the hindfoot at toe off?
|
Inverted
|
|
|
What is the principal invertor of the subtalar joint?
|
Posterior tibial tendon
|
|
|
What effect does subtalar inversion have on the talus?
|
Talus externally rotates
|
|
|
What effect does subtalar inversion have on the tibia?
|
Tibia externally rotates
|
|
|
Most gait cycle muscle activity is of what type?
|
Eccentric
|
|
|
What is the principal muscle activity during heel strike?
|
Tibialis anterior (TA) eccentric contraction (controlled plantar flexion)
|
|
|
What is the principal muscle activity during foot flat?
|
Gastrocnemius eccentric contraction (controlled dorsiflexion)
|
|
|
What is the principal muscle activity during toe off?
|
Gastrocnemius concentric contraction (active plantar flexion)
|
|
|
Where is the normal center of pressure at foot strike?
|
Heel pressure
|
|
|
Where is the normal center of pressure at foot flat?
|
Second metatarsal head
|
|
|
Where is the normal center of pressure at toe off?
|
Toes
|
|
|
How does hallux valgus alter the pressure distribution in foot flat?
|
Hallux bears less weight than predicted
Center of pressure moves laterally |
|
|
In what two ways does hallux valgus alter the pressure distribution in toe off?
|
Increases pressure centrally from medial to lateral
Unloads toes |
|
|
What are the two characteristics of an antalgic (painful) gait pattern?
|
Shorter stance on the painful side
Contralateral swing phase more rapid |
|
|
What is the gait pattern of a patient with an absent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) called?
|
Quadriceps avoidance gait
|
|
|
Specifically surgery includes what five procedures?
|
Plantar fascia release
Dorsiflexion osteotomy of the first ray Peroneus longus to peroneus brevis transfer Achilles tendon lengthening Possible calcaneal slide/osterotomy (to protect soft tissue transfer) |
|
|
One might also consider performing the Jones procedure: what two components does it include?
|
transfer of EHL to first metatarsal neck
Fusion of the first interphalangeal (IP) joint |
|
|
How might a Jones procedure be beneficial?
|
Helps a weak tibialis anterior with dorsiflexion of the first ray
|
|
|
In genereal, what is the surgical principle if the hindfoot deformity and degenerative changes?
|
Must include calcaneal osteotomy for correction
|
|
|
What surgical option exists for a patient with fixed hindfoot deformity and degenerative changes?
|
Triple arthrodesis
|
|
|
What is an important caveat in this population? Why?
|
Triple arthrodesis is a procedure of last resort
Poor outcomes have been reported in CMT patients |
|
|
What two other musculoskeletal manifestations of CMT may be present?
|
Scoliosis
Developmental hip dysplasia |
|
|
A calcaeocavus foot is associated with what disease process?
|
Polio
|
|
|
Calcaneocavus deformity is due to the imbalance of what three muscles?
|
Weak gastrocnemius
Strong tibialis anterior Strong posterior tibialis |
