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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is more proximal:the medial or lateral malleolus?
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Medial malleolus is more proximal
A line drawn from medial to lateral malleolus is at an 8 degree angle to the horizontal |
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Is the center of ankle rotation externally or internally rotated?
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23 degrees externally rotated
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With which direction of fibular motion is ankle dorsiflexion associated?
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External rotation
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What peroneal tendon hugs the fibula?
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Peroneus brevis
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What peroneal tendon has a more distal muscle belly?
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Peroneus brevis
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The os peroneum lies within what peroneal tendon?
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Peroneus longus
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What peroneal tendon attaches to the base of the fifth metatarsal?
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Peroneus brevis
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The groove within the talar body houses what tendon?
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Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
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What structure is found lateral to the flexor hallucis longus tendon?
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Os trigonum
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The groove within the calcaneus houses what tendon
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The FHL coursing underneath the sustentaculum tali
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What ligament is found in close proximity?
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Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
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The groove within the cuboid houses what tendon?
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Peroneus longus
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What is the associated syndrome at this location?
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POPS (painful os peroneum syndrome)
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What tendon inserts on the navicular?
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Posterior tibial tendon
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This insertion must be repaired after what surgical procedure?
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Resection of an accessory navicular
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What are the four components of the distal tibiofibular (tib-fib) joint?
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Anterior inferior tib-fib ligament (AITFL)
Posterior inferior tib-fib ligament (PITFL) Interosseous ligament (IO) Transverse ligament |
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The AITFL is most commonly involved in what two types of injuries?
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Syndesmotic injuries
Tillaux fractures |
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What is the clinical significance of the PITFL?
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Attached to the posterior malleolar fracture fragment in a trimalleolar fracture
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What are the two components of the superficial deltoid ligament?
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Tibonavicular
Tibocalcaneal |
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What are the two components of the deep deltoid ligament?
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Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar |
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What is the clinical significance of the deep deltoid ligament?
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Primary restraint to anterolateral talar displacement
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What deep deltoid component exhibits hypertrophy with recurrent ankle sprains?
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Anterior tibiotalar
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What is the interval for the anterior approach to the ankle?
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Between extensor hallucis longus (EHL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
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What structure must be identified and protected with this approach?
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Superficial peroneal nerve (SPN)
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Where does the sural nerve generally cross the Achilles tendon?
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10 cm proximal to the insertion
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In what position should the foot be placed when testing the posterior tibial tendon (PTT)?
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Eversion
Plantar flexion |
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In what position should the foot be placed when testing the calcaneofibular ligament?
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Inversion
Dorsiflexion |
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In what position should the foot be placed when testing the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)?
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Plantar flexion
Perform anterior drawer test |
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In what position should the foot be placed when testing for subluxing peroneal tendons?
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Dorsiflexion
Eversion |
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What muscle layers are considered intrinsic?
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1
3 |
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What muscle layers are considered extrinsic?
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2
4 |
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Layer 1: what are the three components of the musculature and what is their innervation?
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Abductor hallucis (medial plantar nerve (MPN)
Flexor digitorum brevis (MPN) Abductor digiti minimi (lateral plantar nerve (LPN) |
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Layer 2: what are the four components of the musculature and what is their innervation?
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Quadratus plantae (LPN)
Lumbricals (MPN, LPN) Flexor digitorum longus (tibial nerve) Flexor hallucis longus (tibial nerve) |
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Layer 3: what are the three components of the musculature and what is their innervation?
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Flexor hallucis brevis (MPN)
Adductor hallucis (LPN) Flexor digit minimi brevis (LPN) |
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Layer 4: what are the four components of the musculature and what is their innervation?
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Dorsal interosseous muscles (LPN)
Plantar interosseous muscles (LPN) Peroneus longus (superficial peroneal nerve) Posterior tibialis (tibial nerve) |
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In what layer and at what locations do the medial and lateral plantar nerves lie?
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Layer 2
MPN lies deep tot he abductor hallucis muscle LPN lies deep to the quadratus plantae muscle |
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What is the significance of the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB)? What is its innervation?
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Dorsal intrinsic muscle
Innervated by the deep peroneal nerve |
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What is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB)?
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Medial calcaneal tubercle
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What is the insertion of the FDB?
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Middle phalanges
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What is the origin of the plantar aponeurosis?
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Plantar medial calcaneus
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Where does the plantar aponeurosis insert?
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Toe flexors
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What are the three main functions of the aponeurosis?
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Increase arch height as toes dorsiflex
Major support of medial longitudinal arch Aid hind foot inversion |
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What is the effect of hind foot inversion on the transverse tarsal joints?
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Hind foot inversion locks the transverse tarsal joints
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What nerve provides sensation to the dorsomedial great toe?
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Dorsomedial cutaneous branch of superficial peroneal nerve (SPN)
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This nerve runs across what structure?
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Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
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What is the interval for the lateral approach to the hind foot?
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Between peroneus tertius (deep peroneal nerve) and peroneus brevis (SPN)
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What structure must be reflected with this approach?
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Extensor digitorum brevis (EDB)
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What deeper structure must be identified and protected?
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Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
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What structure must be released for the anterolateral approach to the midfoot?
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EDB
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What deeper structure must be identified and protected with this approach?
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Spring ligament
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