166 / 189-31 1-3 A

Front 1

The superior glenohumeral ligament is under the greatest stress when the humeral head and arm are in which of the following positions?

Back 1

Inferiorly translated with the arm in 5 degrees of adduction
These studies have demonstrated that the superior glenohumeral ligament provides the most restraint to the shoulder joint when the arm is at zero degrees of abduction or in adduction and pulled inferiorly.

Front 2

What structure provides dynamic glenohumeral stability by compressing the humeral head against the glenoid?

Back 2

Rotator cuff muscles
The rotator cuff is the main DYNAMIC stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint. It functions most at midrange motion, not at the extremes of range of motion.
superior glenohumeral ligament is a STATIC stabilizer -->resists inferior translation at 0° degrees of abduction.
middle glenohumeral ligament is a STATIC stabilizer -->resists anterior translation in the midrange of abduction (~45°) in ER.

Front 3

Besides the biceps tendon, which of the following structures also pass through the rotator interval?

Back 3

The coracohumeral and superior glenohumeral ligaments
RIC rotators internal capsule

Front 4

Which of the following is a primary restraint of anterior and posterior humeral translation at the position of a patient's right shoulder as shown in Figure A

Back 4

Middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL)
The MGHL restrains anterior and posterior translation in the midrange of abduction. The CHL limits inferior translation and external rotation when then arm is adducted and limits posterior translation when the arm is flexed, adducted, and internal rotation. The SGHL also restrains inferior translation and external rotation of the adducted shoulder. The IGHL has an anterior band that is the primary restraint to anterior translation at 90 degrees of shoulder abduction. It also has a posterior band to limit posterior translation. The CA ligament prevents superior head migration in rotator cuff deficient shoulders.

Front 5

Which of the following is considered the primary static restraint to anterior gleno-humeral translation with the arm in 90 degrees of abduction?

Back 5

Inferior gleno-humeral ligament complex
With the arm at 90 degrees abduction, the anterior band of the inferior gleno-humeral ligament complex is the primary static stabilizer to anterior translation. The middle (MGHL) resists anterior translation at 45 degrees of abduction. The superior (SGHL) resists inferior translation with the arm at one's side.

Front 6

Hawkins Sign

positive with ?

Back 6

Hawkins Sign
positive with subacromial impingement

Front 7

Jobe’s Test

positive with?

Back 7

Impingement Tests
Jobe’s Test
positive with supraspinatus weakness and or impingement

Front 8

Internal Impingement?

Back 8

Impingement Tests
patient supine, abduct affected side to 90° and maximally externally rotate (throwing position-late cocking phase) with extension. If this maneuver reproduces pain experienced during throwing (posteriorly located) considered it is considered positive.

Front 9

Internal Rotation Lag Sign?

Back 9

Subscapularis Tests

Front 10

Excessive ER

Back 10

Subscapularis Tests

Front 11

Lift Off Test

Back 11

Subscapularis Tests

Front 12

Belly Press

Back 12

Subscapularis Tests

Front 13

Jobe’s Test

Back 13

positive with supraspinatus weakness and or impingement

Front 14

Drop Sign

Back 14

Supraspinatus Tests

Front 15

External Rotation Lag Sign

Back 15

Infraspinatus

Front 16

Hornblower's sign

Back 16

Teres Minor

Front 17

Obrien's Test (Active Compression test)

Back 17

Labral Injuries (SLAP lesions) Tests
AC joint

Front 18

Crank Test

Back 18

Labral Injuries (SLAP lesions) Tests

Front 19

Speed's Test

Back 19

Bicipital Groove Tenderness

Front 20

Yergason's Sign

Back 20

Bicipital Groove Tenderness

Front 21

Popeye Sign

Back 21

Biceps Injuries

Front 22

Cross-Body Adduction

Back 22

AC Joint

Front 23

Anterior Load and Shift

Back 23

Anterior Instability

Front 24

Apprehension/Relocation/Anterior Release

Back 24

Anterior Instability

Front 25

Anterior Drawer

Back 25

Anterior Instability

Front 26

Posterior Load and Shift

Back 26

Posterior Instability

Front 27

Jerk Test

Back 27

Posterior Instability

Front 28

Posterior Drawer

Back 28

Posterior Instability

Front 29

Loss of External Rotation

Back 29

Posterior Instability

Front 30

Sulcus Sign

Back 30

MDI or ???

Front 31

Wright's Test

Back 31

throcacic outlet syndrome

Front 32

Medial Scapular Winging

Back 32

(Mexican SALTy Wings)
medial-Serratus anterior--> Long thoracic

Front 33

Lateral Scapular Winging

Back 33

Lateral winging-trapezius-spinal accessory nerve
biopsy

Front 34

Shoulder trauma series includes at least (2/beer)

Back 34

Shoulder trauma series includes at least:
“true” anteroposterior view
axillary lateral view

Front 35

How to do & what looking for?
Shoulder AP

Back 35

Shoulder AP
Glenohumeral joint space, DJD

Front 36

How to do & what looking for?
True shoulder AP aka

Back 36

Grashey view Glenohumeral joint space, DJD, and proximal migration of humerus

Front 37

How to do & what looking for?
AP in IR

Back 37

Hill Sachs lesion

Front 38

How to do & what looking for?
AP in ER

Back 38

Hill Sachs lesion

Front 39

How to do & what looking for?
Axillary

Back 39

Anterior and posterior dislocation.

Front 40

How to do & what looking for?
Velpeau view

Back 40

Anterior and posterior dislocation. if cannot abduc the arm

Front 41

How to do & what looking for?
Scapular Y Lateral

Back 41

Allows classification of acromion

Front 42

How to do & what looking for?
Supraspinatous Outlet

Back 42

Allows classification of acromion (Type I-flat, Type II-curved, Type III-hooked). Hooked acromion is associated with impingement and rotator cuff pathology.

Front 43

How to do & what looking for?
Zanca

Back 43

Help visualize the AC joint. Shows AC joint disease and distal clavicle osteolysis.

Front 44

How to do & what looking for?
Stryker notch

Back 44

Hill-Sachs lesion

Front 45

How to do & what looking for?
West Point Axillary

Back 45

Anteroinferior glenoid, bony bankart, proximal humerus fx

Front 46

How to do & what looking for?
Garth

Back 46

Anteroinferior glenoid, bony bankart

Front 47

How to do & what looking for?
Hobbs

Back 47

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular dislocation

Front 48

Serendipity

Back 48

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular dislocation

Front 49

useful to visulaize
CT-Axial Shoulder Images

Back 49

Axial Shoulder Images


Reverse Hill Sachs

Front 50

CT- 3D Reconstructions

useful to visualize

Back 50

glenoid version for total shoulder arthroplasty

Front 51

T2-weighted sequence
uses a long TR and long TE
bright= ? (traffic light)
dark=?9horse)
useful to visualize?

Back 51

T2-weighted sequence

uses a long TR and long TE
bright= fluid (inflammation) and bone marrow
dark= bone, ligament, muscle, and fibrocartilage
useful to visualize
rotator cuff pathology
full thickness tear

Front 52

ABER (abduction external rotation) position
sequence beyond the conventional 3 sequences (coronal, sagittal, and axial)
patient position?
useful to visualize? (traffic light)

Back 52

ABER (abduction external rotation) position

sequence beyond the conventional 3 sequences (coronal, sagittal, and axial)
patient places affected hand behind their head instead of a true 90-90 degree abduction-external rotation position
position tensions the anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament and labrum and relaxes the capsule
useful to visualize
Bankart lesions
partial- and full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff tendons
internal impingement

Front 53

MR arthrogram
optimal for?

Back 53

commonly used to augment MRI to diagnose soft-tissue problems such as SLAP tears
-dilute gadolinium-containing solution is percutaneously injected into the joint.
labral and ligament pathology

Front 54

Bankart lesion

Back 54

Bankart lesion

Front 55

(SLAP)

Back 55

Superior labrum anterior-posterior tear (SLAP)

Front 56

(GLAD)

Back 56

Glenoid labral articular disruption (GLAD)

Front 57

ALPSA)

Back 57

Anterior labral periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA)

Front 58

(HAGL)

Back 58

Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL)