Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Angular Cheilitis |
- Softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth, followed by fissuring - May be due to nutritional deficiency, or more commonly overclosure of the mouth - Seen in people with no teeth or with ill-fitting dentures - Saliva wets and macerates the infolded skin, often leading to secondary infection with Candida |
|
|
Actinic Cheilitis |
- Results from excessive exposure to sunlight and affects primarily the lower lip - Fair-skinned men who work outdoors - Lip loses its normal redness and may become scaly, somewhat thickened, and slightly everted |
|
|
Herpes Simplex (Cold Sore, Fever Blister)
|
- Recurrent and painful vesicular eruptions of the lips and surrounding skin - A small cluster of vesicles first develops - As the clusters break, yellow-brown crusts form - Healing takes 10 to 14 days |
|
|
Angioedema |
- Localized subcutaneous or submucosal swelling caused by leakage or intravascular fluid into intersitial tissue - Usually benign and resolves within 24 to 48 hours - Can be life threatening when it involves the larynx, tongue, or upper airway or develops into anaphylaxis |
|
|
Angioedema |
- When vascular permeability is triggered by mast cells in allergic and NSAID reactions, look for associated urticaria and pruritus - Bradykinin and complement-derived mediators, the mechanism in ACE-inhibitor reactions |
|
|
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome) |
- Multiple small red spots on the lips - An autosomal dominant endothelial disorder causing vascular fragility and arteriovascular malformations (AVMs) - Visible also on the oral mucosa and fingertips - Nosebleeds, gastrointestinal bleeding, and iron deficiency anemia are common - AVMs in the lungs and brain can cause life-threatening hemorrhage and embolic disease |
|
|
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome |
- Prominent small brown pigmented spots in the dermal layer of the lips, buccal mucosa, and perioral area - These spots may also appear on the hands and feet - Autosomal dominant syndrome - Skin changes accompany numerous intestinal polyp; the risk of gastrointestinal and other cancers ranges from 40% to 90% - RARELY appear around the nose and mouth |
|
|
Chancre of Primary Syphilis |
- Ulcerated papule with indurated edge usually appears after 3 to 6 weeks of incubating infection from the spirochete Treponema pallidum - May resemble a carcinoma or crusted cold sore - Similar primary lesions are common in the pharynx, anus and vagina but may escape detection since they are painless, nonsuppurative, and usually heal spontaneously in 3 to 6 weeks |
|
|
Carcinoma of the Lips |
- Usually affects the lower lip - May appear as a scaly plaque, as an ulcer with or without a crust, or as a nodular lesion - Fair skin and prolonged exposure to the sun are common risk factors |
|
|
Large Normal Tonsils |
- May not be infected, especially in children - May protrude medially beyond the pillars and even into the midline - Color is pink |
|
|
Exudative Tonsillitis |
- This, together with fever and enlarged cervical nodes, increases the probably of group A streptococcal infection or infectious mononucleosis - Anterior cervical lymph nodes are usually enlarged in the former, posterior nodes in the latter |
|
|
Pharyngitis |
- Causes are both viral and bacterial - Can cause reddened throats without exudate - Can cause redness that is diffuse and intense - If the patient has no fever, exudate, or enlargement of cervical lymph nodes, the chances of infection by either of two common causes- group A streptococci and Epstein Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis)- are small |
|
|
Diphtheria |
- An acute infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Throat is dull red, and a gray exudate (pseudomembrane) is present on the uvula, pharynx and tongue - The airway may become obstructed |
|
|
Thrush on the Palate (Candidiasis) |
- Thick, white plaques that are somewhat adherent to the underlying mucosa - Predisposing factors include: prolonged treatment with antibiotics or corticosteriods and AIDS |
|
|
Kaposi's Sarcoma in AIDS |
- Deep purple color of the lesions - Low grade vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus 8 - Lesions may be raised or flat - 1/3 of patients get them in the oral cavity; other affected sites are the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs - Antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the prevalence of this disease |
|
|
Torus Palatinus |
- Midline bony growth in the hard palate that is fairly common in adults - Size and lobulation vary - Harmless |
|
|
Fordyce Spots (Fordyce Granules) |
- Normal sebaceous glands that appear as small yellowish spots in the buccal mucosa or on the lips - Usually not numerous |
|
|
Koplik's Spots |
- Early sign of measles (rubeola) - Small white specks that resemble grains of salt on a red background - Usually appear on the buccal mucosa near the first and second molars - The rash of measles appears within a day |
|
|
Petechiae |
- Small red spots caused by blood that escapes from capillaries into the tissues - Often caused by accidentally biting the cheek - May be due to infection or decreased platelets as well as trauma |
|
|
Leukoplakia |
- Thickened white patch that may occur anywhere in the oral mucosa - Can result from frequent chewing of tobacco, a local irritant - This benign reactive process of the squamous epithelium may lead to cancer and should be biopsied - Another risk factor is HPV infection |
