Abnormal Psychology

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Bulimia Nervosa

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Out of control eating episodes followed by self-induced attempts to get rid of food

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Anorexia Nervosa

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Person eats only a minimal amount in order to lose weight

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Binge-eating disorder

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person experiences distress from binging, but does not attempt to purge

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Dyssomnia

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trouble falling asleep or achieving quality sleep

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Parasomnia

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abnormal events during sleep

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Polysomnographic evaluation

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monitoring sleep

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Insomnia disorder

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difficulty initiating sleep or maintaining sleep, or nonrestorative sleep

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Microsleep

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sleep that lasts several seconds or longer

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Hypersomnolence disorder

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too much sleep

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Narcolepsy

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attacks of cataplexy - sudden lose of muscle tone

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Breathing-related sleep disorders

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difficulty sleeping comes from difficulty breathing while sleeping

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Sleep Apnea

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person completely stops breathing while sleeping

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Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders

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difficulty adjusting to time change

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Personality Disorder

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persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behaviour that results in enduring emotional distress for the person and/or others

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Dimensions

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personality disorders are extreme versions of otherwise normal personality variations

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Categories

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personality disorders are ways of relating that are different from psychologically healthy behaviour

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Five-factor model of personality

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1. Extraversion

2. Agreeableness

3. Conscientiousness

4. Neuroticism

5. Openness to experience

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Cluster A disorders

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"odd" or "eccentric"

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disorders

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Cluster B disorders

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"dramatic" "emotional" "erratic"

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic disorders

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Cluster C disorders

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"anxious" or "fearful"

avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

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Paranoid Personality Disorder

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Cluster A

mistrustful and suspicious

schemas - paranoid thoughts

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Schizoid personality disorder

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Cluster A

detachment from social relationships

limited range of emotions

aloof

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Schizotypal personality disorder

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Cluster A

like schizoid, but w/out some debilitating symptoms

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Ideas of reference

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illogical ideas; those with schizotypal disorder can usually tell these thoughts are illogical

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Antisocial personality disorder

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Cluster B

failure to comply with social norms

irresponsible, impulsive, deceitful, aggressive, indifferent

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Conduct disorder

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Cluster B

children who engage in behaviours that violate social norms

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Borderline personality disorder

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Cluster B

mood instability

turbulent relationships

poor self-image --> self harm

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Histrionic personality disorder

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Cluster B

overly dramatic, seem to be acting

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Narcissistic personality disorder

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Cluster B

self importance, attention

lack sensitivity and compassion

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Avoidant personality disorder

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Cluster C

sensitive to others' opinions

low self-esteem

avoid social relationships

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Dependent personality disorder

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Cluster C

sense of inadequacy

need reassurance

cling to relationships

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obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

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Cluster C

preoccupation with detail

rigidity

poor social relationships

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Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

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More obvious signs:

Delusions of grandeur

Delusions of persecution

hallucinations

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Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

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avolition

alogia

anhedonia

flat affect

asociality

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Avolition

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negative symptom of schiz.

inability to initiate and persist in activities

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alogia

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negative symptom of schiz.

relative absence of speech

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Delusions of Grandeur

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Positive symptom of schiz.

overly capable

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Delusions of persecution

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Positive symptom of schiz.

every one is out to get me

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Hallucinations

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experiencing sensory events without environmental input

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Anhedonia

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negative symptom of schiz.

presumed lack of pleasure

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Flat affect

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negative symptom of schiz.

do not show emotions, but may feel them internally

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asociality

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negative symptom of schiz.

severe deficits in social relationships

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Disorganized symptoms of shizophrenia

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disorganized speech

inappropriate affect

catatonic immobility

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disorganized speech

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disorganized symptom of schiz.

jumping from topic to topic or speaking illogically

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inappropriate affect

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disorganized symptom of schiz.

laughing or crying at inappropriate times

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Catatonic immobility

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disorganized symptom of schiz.

holding unusual postures

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Schizophreniform disorder

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experiencing schiz. symptoms for only a few months

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schizoaffective disorder

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schiz. symptoms as well as mood disorder

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delusional disorder

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persistent belief that is contrary to reality, but no other schiz. symptoms

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brief psychotic disorder

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presence of one or more symptoms lasting one month or less

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attenuated psychosis syndrome

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start to develop psychotic symptoms, at risk to develop schiz.