Abnormal Psych. Lecture 3

Front 1

Etiology

Back 1

The casual pattern of abnormal behavior.

Front 2

Necessary cause

Back 2

Must exist in order for the disorder to occur (example PTS disorder, a traumatic event must occur for the disorder to take place)

Front 3

Sufficient cause

Back 3

This guarantees that you will get the disorder

Front 4

Contributory cause

Back 4

Increased the probability of the occurrence of a disorder

Front 5

Risk Factor

Back 5

A variable that is correlated with an abnormal outcome

Front 6

Distal causal factor

Back 6

occurs early in life and shows effects later on in life

Front 7

Proximal causal factor

Back 7

occurs shortly before the onset of the disorder

Front 8

Diathesis

Back 8

something that predisposes someone to develop a disorder

Front 9

Stress

Back 9

The trigger of a disorder

Front 10

Additive

Back 10

People with high diathesis need less stress to trigger the disorder than those with lower

Front 11

Interactive

Back 11

one must have at least some diathesis to be at risk, the higher the diathesis, the higher the chance for developing the disorder

Front 12

Biopsychosocial perspective

Back 12

acknowledged the multifaceted causes of mental illness, biological, social, and psychological

Front 13

Biological perspective

Back 13

views mental disorders as diseases

Front 14

The belief that problems with the neurotransmitters are the cause of mental disorders is....

Back 14

the belief held today

Front 15

Many mental disorders show at least some genetic influence although no disorders occur exclusively from genes except for....

Back 15

autism

Front 16

Genotype

Back 16

The actual set of genes you have

Front 17

Phenotype

Back 17

The way your genes are expressed, both structural and functional characteristics

Front 18

Polygenic

Back 18

not just one gene being responsible for a disorder, several involved

Front 19

Passive

Back 19

A child grows up in an intellectually rich household because his parents are smart too

Front 20

Evocative

Back 20

A child evokes certain responses from his environment due to his genetic makeup, like happy babies draw positive attention

Front 21

Active

Back 21

A child seeks out other sociable events. (Like a sociable child who seeks out sociable children which to play, enhancing their own sociability)

Front 22

Twin Method, Monozygotic, and Dizygotic.

Back 22

Monozygotic twins are identical, these twins are used to measure if your genes have an impact, while Dizycotic are as similar as any other sibling.

Front 23

Adoption Method

Back 23

This is rare but when twins are separated at birth by adoption, we can study the impact of genes vs environment effects.

Front 24

Temperament is measures in what ways at about 2-3 months?

Back 24

Fearfulness, irritability and frustration, positive effect, activity level , and attentional persistence and effortful control.

Front 25

Temperament is...

Back 25

Personality for kids, this is genetic

Front 26

id

Back 26

The first to develop according to Freud, ones need to satisfy

Front 27

Ego

Back 27

This mediates the wants of the id and the realities of the external world, in ways that ensure the individuals well being

Front 28

Superego

Back 28

Essentially it is the conscience and the eternalizer of societal values.

Front 29

Ego Defense Mechanisms

Back 29

Displacement, Fixation(you want sex you get porn), Projection(projecting yur experiences on others), Rationalization, Reaction formation(if you think you're gay, and your ego attacks this idea), Regression, Repression, and Sublimation(turn your urges into something more acceptable, like art)

Front 30

Psychosexual Stages of Development

Back 30

Oral: birth-2 yr.
Anal: 2-3
Phallic: 3 to 5 or 6 (penis envy)
Latency: 6-12
Genital Stage: Post-puberty

Front 31

Oedipus Complex

Back 31

Boys are sexually attracted to their mothers and fear their fathers will castrate them.

Front 32

Electra Complex

Back 32

Young girls desire their fathers, and experience penis envy, but then they have babies and get over that.

Front 33

Some criticism's of Freud's psychodynamic perspectives

Back 33

Studies only subconscious which cant be tested, says people's id's run their lives basically, demeaning to women, assumptions and propositions,

Front 34

Behavioral Perspective came about because

Back 34

People were tired of the psychoanalytic theory

Front 35

Classical Conditioning

Back 35

Unconditioned Stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, extinction, spontaneous recovery

Front 36

Operant Conditioning

Back 36

Positive reinforcement--> treating yourself with something after a good grade.
Negative--> taking aspirin to make a headache go away
Negative Punishment-->taking a childs toy away if they're bad
Positive Punishment-->spanking a chiild when they talk back

Front 37

Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective

Back 37

Focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behaviors.

Front 38

Schemas

Back 38

They act as guides, an example would be ones schema for class....arriving on time, being quiet and respectful, good attendance

Front 39

Attributions

Back 39

The process of assigning causes to events, such as...good grade, I'm awesome, bad grade, professor's an asshole.

Front 40

Interpretations

Back 40

Those who interpret things negatively tend to be depressed, those who those who interpret the sensation of their heart beating as thinking they're going to die, are probably anxious.