Abnormal Psych Lecture 1

Front 1

Prehistoric Superstitions for mental illness

Back 1

Demon Possession: strange behavior is caused by an evil spirit entering the body

Trephining: Removing evil spirits by cutting into the skull

Exorcism: Using rituals to cast out demons

Front 2

Theory of the Imbalance of Humors (Early Scientific Explanations)

Back 2

Hippocrates

Four humors to the body (important fluids)

(choleric, melancholic, Phlegmatic, sanguinic)
(blood, spleen, liver, brain)

when humors are imbalanced it produces mental illness

Front 3

Although Hippocrates was wrong, he recognized the importance of...

Back 3

biological roots, heredity, psychosocial factors can play a role.

he also understood that doing harm to a mentally ill patient was immoral

Front 4

Dark Middle Ages (Returning to superstitions) and demons

Back 4

Demons were a result of someone leading a sinful life, chasing away the demons had to be done through things like water boarding.

5th - 10th centuries

Front 5

Mass Madness (Returning to superstitions) Tarantism and Lycanthropy

Back 5

Tarantism: People were bitten by a tarantula that would make them dance and the only cure was music which would bring them back to reality

Lycanthropy: Turning into a wolf on a full moon, explanation for eratic behavior on full moon

13th century

Front 6

Witchcraft (Returning to superstitions)

Back 6

People with eratic behavior were seen as witches who were flirting with the devil and were burnt.

15th - 17th century

Front 7

Bedlam (Renaissance and the Rise of Humanism)

Back 7

Mentally ill people were chained and left in rooms to keep from hurting themselves and others. Were used as entertainment for wealthy people.

Late 15th century

Front 8

Moral Treatment Movements (Reform Movements)

Back 8

Phillipe Pinel (Paris): Let mentally ill people out of chains and let them enjoy the outdoors.

William Tuke (england): Had patients in a quaker home where they worked and had plenty of food and comfort from the people treating them

both had huge recovery rate

18th century

Front 9

American Reformers (Reform Movements)

Back 9

Benjamin Rush: (1745 - 1813): father of American Psychiatry (alcoholism is a disease)

Dorothea Dix (1802 - 1887): School teacher turned social reformer and advocate for mentally ill, had 30 hospitals built and reformed prisons

Front 10

Deterioration fo Mental Hospitals

Back 10

Overcrowding lead to abuse and neglect of patients

1,000 - 5,000 people, straight jackets were used.

Front 11

Hydrotherapy

Back 11

Wrap people in wet towels to lower body temperature

Front 12

Malaria Therapy

Back 12

Give people malaria hoping it would kill the illness

Front 13

Insulin Therapy

Back 13

Hoped insulin coma and coming back from one would snap them back to reality

Front 14

Lobotomy

Back 14

Hole in brain to reduce part of brain that causes stress

Front 15

Electroshock Therapy

Back 15

Hoping the shocking would calm the brain

Front 16

Deinstitutionalization

Back 16

1955: 560 thousand beds in us hospitals

1975: rapid decrease in beds

2000 to present: further decrease due to budget cuts

2010: 14% decrease in beds, now 43,000

Rest of beds are for criminals who are deemed mentally ill

Front 17

(Why close state hospitals?)

Back 17

Mentally ill patients could take medication outpatient

Civil rights movement made involuntary committing of people more difficult

Financial Concerns: hospitalization is expensive and hospitals are underfunded

Front 18

Homeless (Returning to the dark ages)

Back 18

At least half of the homeless in inner cities are mentally ill

Front 19

Criminalization of Mentally ill (Returning to the dark ages)

Back 19

No mental institutions are open to the public, the only facilities open are jails and getting caught for small crimes enough will land you in jail

Front 20

Emergency Room Boarding (Returning to the dark ages)

Back 20

crazy people are given drugs and then kicked out in emergency rooms