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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between Fear, and Anxiety?
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Fear is more of present oriented, and anxiety is a constant fear about something in the future.
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List the anxiety disorders specified in the DSM.
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Post traumatic stress disorder, Acute stress disorder, Specific Phobia, Social Phobia, Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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What different diagnosis did PTS disorder used to have, and at what times?
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1980, It was known as "shell-shock" during WWl and "operation fatigue" and "war neuroses" during WWll, and in The Korean and Vietnam Wars "combat fatigue" and "combat exhaustion"
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PTS Disorder must be precipitated by....
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A Traumatic Event
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A. In order for a person to be considered exposed to a "traumatic event" which two things must be present?
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1. The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury or threat to physical integrity to self or others.
2. The persons response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. |
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B. How many of the following would you need to qualify for PTS disorder. What are they?
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1 or more. The Traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in 1 or more of the following ways.
1-Intrusive recurrent distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions. 2- Recurrent distressing dreamsof the event 3- Acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring 4- Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event 5-Psychological Reactivity on exposure or external cues that symbolize or resemble the event. |
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C. The avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness as indicated by three or more of the following...
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1- Efforts to avoid thoughts, feeling, conversations associated with the trauma
2- efforts to avoid places, people, or activities that arouse recollections 3- inability to recall important aspects of trauma 4- Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities 5-feeling of detachment or estrangement from others 6-restricted range of affect (never fully experience emotions) 7- sense of foreshortened future |
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D. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal, as indicated by 2 or more of the following...
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1- Difficulty falling or staying asleep
2- Irritability or outbursts or anger 3- difficulty concentrating 4- hypervigilance (startle response always ready to go, always on edge) 5- exaggerated startle response (someone knocks they start to shake) |
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E. Duration of the disturbance has to be...
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More than two months
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F. The disturbance needs to cause clinically significant distress or impairment in...
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Social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
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Acute Distress Disorder is the diagnosis that one receives...
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Before the 2 month mark of being diagnosed with PTS Disorder.
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B. What DISASSOCIATE Features must one have in order to qualify for Acute Stress Disorder?
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1- Subjective sense of numbing, detachment, absence of emotional responsiveness
2- Reduction of awareness of surroundings 3- Derealization (dream-like, things aren't real to you) 4- Depersonalization (outer body experience) 5- Dissociative amnesia (cut off from reality) |
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C. In Acute Stress Disorder the event is persistently re-experienced in at least one of the following ways...
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recurrent images, thoughts, dreams, illusions, flashback episodes, or a sense of reliving the experience, or distress on exposure to reminders of the traumatic events.
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D. Marked avoidance of stimuli that arouse...
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Recollections of the trauma.
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E. Marked symptoms of...
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Increased anxiety or increased arousal
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F. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in...
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Social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or impairs the individuals ability to pursue some necessary task.
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G. In Acute Anxiety disorder, the disturbance must last atleast how long? and how shortly after the traumatic event takes place?
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The disturbance lasts for a minimum of 2 days, and a maximum of 4 weeks. It occurs at least 4 weeks after the traumatic event.
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H. The disturbance can not be due to...
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The use of any kind of substance, or a general medical condition, its is not better accounted for by brief psychotic disorder, and it is not merely an exacerbation of a pre existing Axis 1 or 2 (personality) disorder.
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Spontaneous Remission accounts for...
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The fact that, for example after 2 weeks of being raped, nearly all women would qualify for PTSD, which is the point of having the time duration limit for the disorder.
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What is the Lifetime Prevalence rate for PTSD in the U.S?
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6.8%
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PTSD is more likely in which gender?
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Women. This could be due to the fact that women tend to experience more personal traumas than men.
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What are some risk factors of having traumatic experiences?
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Being male, being black, having less than a college education, having had conduct problems as a child, having a family history of psychiatric disorders, and scoring high on extraversion (outgoingness) and neuroticism.
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Risk Factors for developing PTSD?
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Being female, having lower levels of social support, scoring high on neuroticism, having pre-existing problems with depression and anxiety or a family history of depression, anxiety, or substance abuse.
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The Treatment for PTS Disorder...
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Anti-Depressant medication shown effective in reducing symptoms of depression, and intrusion and avoidance of thoughts in PTSD.
And Behavior Therapy using prolonged exposure, these are typically longer therapy sessions, involving exposure to cues. Overtime the level of anxiety lowers and they cease to avoid things. |
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Specific Phobias
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Strong and persistent fear that is triggered by the presence of a specific object or situation. Falling into the categories of....Natural environment, Blood injection injury, situational, and other.
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A. A specific Phobia is a fear that is ...
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excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation.
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B. Exposure to the stimulus almost invariably causes...
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An immediate anxiety response or panic attack.
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C. The person suffering from the phobia knows that...
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The response is excessive, and irrational.
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D. The phobic situation is almost always...
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Avoided or endured with severe anxiety.
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E. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress, is the feared situation....
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Interferes significantly with the persons normal routine, occupational functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.
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F. In individuals under the age of 18...
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A duration of about 6 months.
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All phobias except for which one are associated with the fight/fight physiological responses to the feared stimulus?
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The blood injection injury phobia. This is associated with disgust, decreased blood pressure, and even fainting.
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What is the lifetime prevalence for Specific Phobias?
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12%
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Can phobic responses be conditioned?
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Yes. In fact, 58% of those who have a specific phobia, report a traumatic event with the onset of their phobia.
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What is the best way to treat specific phobias?
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With exposure techniques, medications are ineffective on their own, and Anti-anxiety medications may actually interfere with beneficial effects of psychotherapy.
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