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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of therapy did Norman Cousins work on?
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Laughter therapy.-- he argued that it cured fatal diseases.
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What is the definition of stress?
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Stress-means to experience and event that we perceive as endangering our physical or psychological well being.
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What are stress responses?
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People's reactions to stressors.
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What three incidences are stressors extremely stressful?
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When things are:
-uncontrollable -unpredictable -and when things change |
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What is a genetic skin response and what does it do?
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It is a drop in the electrical resistance of the skin and is used to measure people's levels of anxiety.
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What is the fight or flight response?
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A physiological response developed through evolution to prepare the body to fight a threat or flee from it.
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What happens when adrenalcoritical system is signaled?
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The CRF is released, as well as ACTH, and cortisol.
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What is cortisol used for?
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The level of cortisol in one's body is often used to measure stress.
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What are the three phases of the GAS?
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-Alarm
-Resistance -exhaustion |
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What does the term "tend and befriend" mean?
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Argues that females are not as strong and arent as able to fight so they tend to protect their young and befriend their captures as strategies.
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What does the direct effect model of health psychology argue?
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Suggests that psychological factors such as stressful experiences or personality characteristics directly cause changes in the physiology of the body, which exacerbate disease.
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What does the interactive model of health psychology argue?
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This suggests that psychological factors must interact with a preexisting biological vulnerability to disease.
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What does the indirect effect model of health psychology argue?
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This suggests that psychological factors affect disease largely by influencing whether people engage in health promoting behaviors. Ex: Good diets, exercise, and not smoking.
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What is the leading cause of death in the US?
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Coronary heart disease. --effects 20% of all deaths before the age of 65.
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Why are African Americans in a double whammy situation?
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Low income African Americans may have both the psychological predisposition to heightened reactivity to stress and chronic exposure to stressful enviornments, making them doubly vulnerable to hypertension.
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What is psychneuroimmunology?
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The study of the effects of psychological factors on the functioning of the immune system.
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What are lymphocytes?
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The cells of the immune system that attack viruses.
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What does the body's natural response to stress do?
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The body has a natural response to stress that prepares it for fight or flight. In the short term, this response is highly adaptive but, if it is chronically aroused, it can cause physical damage.
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What does the evidence say about stress?
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There is substantial evidence that stress, particularly uncontrollable stress, increases the risks for coronary heart disease and hypertension, probably through chronic hyperarousal of the body's fight or flight response?
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What does the evidence of human and animal studies on stress say?
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There is mouting evidence from animal and human studies that stress impairs the functioning of the immune system, possibly leading to higher rates of infectious diseases.
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What effects do sleep disorders have on society?
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The costs to society of sleep disorders and sleepiness include lost lives, lost income, disabilities, accidents, and family dysfunction.
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What happens to people who aquire chronic sleep debt?
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People who sleep fewer than 6 hours a night have a 70% higher mortality rate than those to do get that much sleep.
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What are some common cognitive impairments that go along with sleep deprivation?
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Memory, learning, logical reasoning, arithmetic skills, complex verbal processing, and decision making.
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What are the 4 types of sleep disorders and an example of each?
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-Sleep disorders related to another mental disorder ex: depression, anxiety.
-Sleep disorders related to a general medical condition. Ex: parkinson's, bronchitis etc. -Sleep disorders due to substances. Ex: alcohol, caffeine -Sleep disorders due to primary sleep problems. Ex: insomnia. |
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What is dyssomnia?
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An abnormality in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.
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What is parasomnia?
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Abnormal behavioral and physiological events occuring during sleep.
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What is the most common type of dyssomnia?
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Insomnia.
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What is hypersomnia?
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The opposite of insomnia- where you are chronically sleepy, and still wake unrested.
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What are some characteristics of Type A personality?
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People who have rigid senses of time, are easily hostile, competitive and achievement striving.
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What are some characteristics of Type B personality?
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Able to relax easily without feeling guilty, are able to work without feeling pressured or become impatient, not easily aroused or hostile.
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What does Type A personality have to do with heart disease?
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Type A men are twice as likley to have heart attacks than Type B.
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What does hostility have to do with stress?
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Hostile people show greater physiological arousal in the anticipation of stressors and in an the early stages of dealing with stressors.
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What are catecholamines?
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Biochemicals that are released in the brain in times of stress.
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What does research say about gender and Type A personality?
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Men are more likely than women to have Type A personalities and to be chronically hostile.
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What is the correlation btwn heart disease and depression and anxiety?
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Depression and anxiety are risk factors of CHD, and women are more likely than men to suffer those negative emotions.
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What is the number one killer of men and women?
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Coronary heart disease.
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What is primary insomnia?
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Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or nonrestoritive sleep, for at least one month.
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What are the goals of biofeedback?
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For people to detect early signs of dysfunction in their bodies such as their blood pressure is rising, and use techniques they learn to control their bodies. Ex: breathing techniques to relieve stress.
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Why were the effects of breast cancer support groups so effective?
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The women in support groups had lower levels of emotional distress, and they learned how to control their pain better than women who did not participate. The lowering of distress may have improved the functioning of their immune systems.
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What are the top 3 emotional disorders related to stress?
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-PTSD
-Acute Stress disorder -Adjustment disorder |
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What are Guided Mastery Techniques and why are they helpful?
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They help people learn positive health related beahviors by teaching them the most effective ways of engaging in these behaviors and by giving them an opportunity to practice the behaviors in increasingly challenging situations. Ex: AIDS prevention seminars
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What is primary hypersomnia?
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Excessive sleepiness for at least one month, as evidenced by either prolonged sleep episodes or daytime sleep episodes that occur almost daily.
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What is narcolepsy?
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Irresistable attacks of refreshing sleep that occur daily over at least 3 months plus either sudden loss of muscle or recurrent instrusions of elements of rapid eye movement sleep (REM).
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What is breathing related sleep disorder?
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Sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is due to a sleep-related breathing condition, such as apnea.
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What is Circadian rhythem sleep disorder?
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Sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is due to a mismatch between the sleep-wake schedule required by a person's environment and his or her circadian sleep-wake pattern.
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