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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fingerlike projections within the small intestine
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villi
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Heart muscle receives blood through what arteries?
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coronary
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membrane that prevents friction between the rib cage and lungs
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pleura
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process in which bacteria reproduces by dividing
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binary fission
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What tumor shows no tendency to spread through the body?
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benign
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long bone of the upper arm
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humerus
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type of vascular tissue that carries sugar from a plant's leaves to the roots and stem
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phloem
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body system that transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries away waste products
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circulatory system
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body system consisting of various glands that produce hormones
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endocrine system
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two broad divisions of the skeletal system
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axial and appendicular skeletons
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hormone produced by the thyroid gland to regulate body metabolism
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thyroxine
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ingested food is stored and mixed with gastric juice here
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stomach
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starch and dietary fiber are made from long chains of smaller molecules called:
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monosaccharides
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club fungi produces spores in club-shaped:
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basidia
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The stigma, style, and ovary make up what part of a flower?
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pistil
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main pigment responsible for skin color
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melanin
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What states that every infectious disease is caused by a specific germ?
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germ concept
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oil that waterproofs the skin and keeps it soft and flexible
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sebum
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Main reproductive organs are the gonads, which are the testes in men and what in women?
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ovaries
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substance that stimulates the body to develop immunity to a pathogen as it would if infected with that pathogen
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vaccine
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tiny air sacs in the lungs that allow gases to be exchanged between the air and the blood
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alveoli
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light-driven process to manufacture glucose from water and carbon dioxide, used by green plants
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photosynthesis
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time between a person becoming infected and displaying symptoms of disease
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incubation
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What does the central nervous system consist of?
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brain and spinal cord
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bulged end of a long bone such as the femur
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epiphysis
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structures of the skin that help regulate body temperature
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sweat glands
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portion of a root that absorbs water and minerals from the soil
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root hairs
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In what type of joint does the rounded head of a bone fit into an indentation of another bone?
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ball-and-socket
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nonflowering plants that reproduce by seeds not covered by the walls of an ovary
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gymnosperms
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Hormones insulin and glucagon regulate the level of what in the blood?
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glucose
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light-sensitive layer of the eye that converts light rays into nerve impulses and transmits them to the brain
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retina
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portion of a plant embryo that stores food for germination
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cotyledon
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liquid portion of the blood
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plasma
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lymph node groups located in the ileum of the small intestine
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Peyer's patches
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Antibodies and the white blood cells that produce them are the body's ____ defenses.
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specific
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working units of the kidneys that do the work of filtering wastes from the blood
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nephrons
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microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries and veins and supply body tissues with blood
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capillaries
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part of the brain primarily responsible for thought, memory, and consciousness
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cerebrum
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occurs during development in the mother's womb and is present at birth
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congenital disease
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occurs when the immune system attacks the body
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autoimmune disease
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can be spread from person to person
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communicable disease
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recurrent or long lasting
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chronic disease
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caused by a lack of an essential nutrient
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deficiency disease
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individual contracting units of a skeletal muscle cells
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sarcomeres
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What disease does HIV cause?
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AIDS
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largest and strongest muscle in the body
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gluteus maximus
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organ that filters blood from the digestive system and manufactures many chemical substances
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liver
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Artificial kidneys work by using a membrane to separate molecules of different sizes. what is this process of separation called?
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dialysis
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simple dry fruit that consists of a pod that splits open upon ripening
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legume
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strong bands of connective tissue that connect bones to each other
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ligaments
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What is the purpose of ATP in the body?
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storing energy
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blood vessels that carry blood from the ventricles of the heart to the lungs
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pulmonary arteries
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Through what process does water enter a root?
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osmosis
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What sac of blood vessels connects a mother and child?
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placenta
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contracting and pumping phase of the cardiac cycle
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systole
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part of the ear that translates sound vibrations into nerve impulses
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cochlea
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long extension of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons
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axon
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Some white blood cells produce _____, a chemical messenger that causes inflammation.
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histamine
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catalysts produced by living cells are
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enzymes
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a plant with parallel veins, flower petals in multiples of three, and a fibrous root system is most likely a
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monocot
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a set of guidelines that can be used to determine if a particular bacterium is the cause of a specific disease are ____ postulates .
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Koch's |
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A _____ is an animal that transmits an infectious disease.
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vector
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a fertilized egg cell repeatedly divides to form a hollow ball of cells called a
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blastocyst |
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the iron-containing protein that allows blood cells to transport oxygen is
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hemoglobin
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the primary reproductive hormone in men is
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testosterone
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The antibodies a newborn receives from his mother provide a form of ____ immunity.
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acquired
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Sympathetic nervous system signals the body to prepare for stress and emergency situations. which would the sympathetic nervous system be most likely to stimulate?
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adrenal glands
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What hormone could potentially be used to treat disorders in which a person has difficulty falling asleep?
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melatonin
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Why is the amount of fluid filtered by the glomerulus much greater than the amount of urine produced?
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reabsorption returns water to the blood
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Botulism is an extremely rare and often-lethal type of food poisoning. the toxin that causes botulism is produced by the anaerobic bacterium "Clostridium botulinum." what types of food packaging would this bacterium be most likely to grow in, if it is present?
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airtight plastic bag sealed in a vacuum
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What BEST explains why some shallow cuts of the skin bleed little, if at all?
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the epidermis contains no blood vessels
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What BEST explains why viruses are often not considered living things
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viruses do not carry on life processes
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What BEST explains why the lymphatic system does not include a pimp?
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the lymphatic system does not transport oxygen
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Tf a person's body produces too much renin, what effects would be MOST likely to occur?
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high blood pressure
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In the Linnaean system of classification, what level comes between the phylum and the order?
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class
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