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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the surface landmarks of the abdomen?
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Umbilicus (L4)
Linea alba Linea semilunaris Tendinous intersections inguinal groove |
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what are the 3, bilateral regions of the abdomen?
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hypochondriac
lateral (lumbar) inguinal |
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What are the 3 midline divisions of the abdomen?
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epigastric
umbilical hypogastric |
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what are the reference planes for the 9 divisions of the abdominal wall?
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Midclavicular lines
subcostal (T10) transtubercular (iliac tubercles and L5) |
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what are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep?
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skin
superficial (campers) fascia membranous layer of superficial fascia deep fascia external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominus transversalis fascia extraperitoneal fat parietal peritonium |
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what are the dermatomes from the xyphosternal jxn to the inguinal region?
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T5 - L1
T10 is umbilicus |
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What are the nerves that innervate the abdominal wall and what are their dermatome levels?
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Thoracoabdominal n. (T5 - T11)
subcostal n. (T12) Iliohypogastric n. & Ilioinguinal n (L1) |
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Where does the rectus abdominis extend and what are all of the tendinous insertions associated with it?
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Extends vertically from the xiphoid and costal margins to the pubis
linea alba linea semilunaris tendinous intersections |
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Where is the pyrimidalis and what are its functions?
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spans vertically from the linea alba to the pubis
tenses the linea alba serves as a surgical landmark for midline surgical incisions |
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What is the inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis called?
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Inguinal ligament
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the inguinal ligament spans from the ____ to the ______ .
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ASIS
pubic tubercle |
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What is the lacunar ligament?
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An extension of the inguinal ligament at its medial border where it reflects
posteriorly |
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What are the layers of the rectus sheath and where do those layers join?
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anterior layer and posterior layer
they join at the midline to form Jessica Alba.... oh ya, Linea alba |
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What is the arcuate line?
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Located on the posterior layer of the rectus sheath, it marks the transition in composition of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath.
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Which aponeuroses form the anterior portion of the rectus sheath? (above the arcuate line)
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External oblique
internal oblique (anterior lamina) |
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which aponeuroses form the posterior layer of the rectus sheath? (above the arcuate line)
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internal oblique (posterior lamina)
trasversus abdominis transversalis fascia |
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Which aponeuroses form the anterior portion of the rectus sheath? (below the arcuate line)
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external oblique
internal oblique transversus abdominis |
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which aponeuroses form the posterior layer of the rectus sheath? (below the arcuate line)
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transversalis fascia
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Where do the nerves for the abdominal wall run?
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between the internal oblique m. and the transversus abdominis m.
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what are the cutaneous branches of the thoracoabdominal n. ?
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anterior cutaneous branch
lateral cutaneous branch |
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Where do the posterior intercostal a. and subcostal a. run?
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between the internal oblique m. and transversus abdominis m.
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where do the superior epigastric a. run?
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branch from the internal thoracic a. and descend within the rectus sheath, posterior to the rectus abdominis m.
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where do the inferior epigastric a. run?
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They branch from the external iliac a., just superior to the inguinal ligament, and anastamose with the superior epigastric a., posterior to the rectus abdominis
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where do the superficial epigastric a. run?
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they are branches of the femoral a. that run superiorly, toward the umbilicus, through the superficial fascia
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what are caval-caval anastomosis?
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serve as alternate routes of venous return to the heart
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what major veins do the superior epigastric v. and inferior epigastric v. link?
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the SVC and the IVC
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where are the lateral thoracic v. and the thoracoepigastric v. located?
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in the superficial fascia
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what is the normal venous flow of caval-caval anastamosis?
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superior flow, superior to the umbilicus
inferior flow, inferior to the umbilicus |
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what is the caval-caval anastamosis flow if the IVC is obstructed?
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superior flow from pelvic region upward
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What is the portal-caval system?
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communications between the portal v. and paraumbilical v.
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What causes "caput medusa"?
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Portal hypertension
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where does lymph, above the umbilicus drain?
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axillary nodes
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where does lymph, below the umbilicus drain?
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superficial inguinal nodes
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