Abdominal Wall

Front 1

innervation of abdoinal wall

Back 1

T7-L1, thoracoabdominal nerves

Front 2

Lymph drainage

Back 2

above umbilical- anteior axillary
below- inguinal nodes

Front 3

external abdominal oblique

Back 3

bilateral contraction, movement to opposite side

Front 4

inguinal ligament

Back 4

lower edge of aponeurosis

Front 5

arcuate line

Back 5

where rectus sheeth ends

Front 6

upper 3/4th

Back 6

rectus sheeth conmpletes covers rectus abdominal muscles

Front 7

lower 1/4th

Back 7

aponeorosis is deficient posteriorly

Front 8

iternal thoarcic artery

Back 8

ends at 6th IC space, becomes musculophrenic and epigastric

Front 9

falciform

Back 9

sickle shaped

Front 10

Hesselbachs triangle

Back 10

rectus abdominus, lateral inferfior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament

Front 11

conjoint tendon

Back 11

aponeorosis of transverse and interior tendon= fuse on lower 1/4 of rectus sheath, provdies support

Front 12

superficial inguinal ring in external abdominal aponerousis

Back 12

in external abdominal aponerousis
more medial

Front 13

deep inguinal ring

Back 13

in transversilis fascia, above midpoitn of inguinal lifament, more lateral

Front 14

direct inguinal hernias

Back 14

pass medially to vessels and perforate through ahsselbacks traingle

Front 15

indirect hernias

Back 15

pass laterally to vessels and can esacpe through the inguinal canal
follows course of testicular descent

Front 16

why do testes descent into the scrotum?

Back 16

need correct temperautre for production of sperm

Front 17

gubernaculum

Back 17

guides descent of testes

Front 18

processes vaginalis

Back 18

future layers of the scrotum

Front 19

hydrocoele

Back 19

fluid develops in unclosed part of processus vaginalis

Front 20

incomplete indirect inguinal hernia

Back 20

distal part of PV is closed, but proximal is not, tunica vaginalis not continuous with peritoneal cavity, intestine simply pushes down on closed processus vaginalis

Front 21

indirect inguinal hernia

Back 21

intestine pushes into unclosed processus vaginalis . herniates inside spermatic cord and into the scrotum

Front 22

indirect congenital inguinal hernia

Back 22

intestine pushes into unclosed processes vaginalis. herniates inside spermatic cord and is lateral to inferior apigastric vessels. goes into direct canal.

Front 23

spermatic cord

Back 23

pampin- cools to produce sperm, tesicular artery

Front 24

Chryptorchid

Back 24

undescended tsticle that remains in the abdominal cavity, most commonly in the inguinal canal, NOT confused with retractile testis which results from very strong cremaster muscle

Front 25

Ectopic Testes

Back 25

tests lie in abnormal position after passing through inguinal canal: iterstitial (superficial to externatl oblique aponerosis), medial thigh, perneum or contrlateral due to abnormal attachment of gubernaculum

Front 26

- Visceral peritoneum

Back 26

sensitive only to stretch and pressure- experienced only as dull and generalized pain

Front 27

- Parietal peritoneum

Back 27

innervated by spinal nerves and pain is over precise dermatome
o Localized pain

Front 28

Greater/lesser sac

Back 28

lesser sac- omental bursa, extension of the peritoneal cavity posterior to the stomach
greater sac- rest of peritoneal cavity divided by trasnverse colon/greater omentum

Front 29

compartments and regions

Back 29

supracolic compartment - stomach , liver, gallbladders, spleen
infracolic- small intestine, ascending and descending colon

Front 30

rectouterine pouch of Douglas

Back 30

between rectum and uterus

Front 31

vesicouterine pouch

Back 31

bladder and uterus

Front 32

hepatourinal pouch

Back 32

separates liver from right kidney
directly continuous with right lateral paracolic gutter

Front 33

falciform ligament

Back 33

divides liver anatomically into right and left half, connects liver to anterior abdominal wall

Front 34

round ligament

Back 34

remnant of umbilical vein. connected to the free end of the falciform ligament and IVC

Front 35

coronary ligaments

Back 35

peritoneal reflections that hold liver to the inferior portion of diaphragm

Front 36

triangular ligaments

Back 36

hold liver to diaphragm

Front 37

median umbilica ligament

Back 37

attaches bladder to anterior abdominal wall
remnant of fetal umbilical arteries

Front 38

lateral umbilical

Back 38

overlie inferior epigastric a and v

Front 39

greater omentim

Back 39

covers small and large intestines

Front 40

gastrocolic ligament

Back 40

greater curvature of stomach to hilum of spleen

Front 41

splenorenal

Back 41

wall of general peritoneal cavity comes into contact with omental bursa between left kidney and spleen, tail of pancreas

Front 42

lesser omentum

Back 42

extends from liver to lesser curvature of stomach and beginning of duodenum

Front 43

ligament of treitz

Back 43

fold of peritoneum containg muscle fibers surrounding the duodenojejnual junction and important to locate duodenojejunal junction
connects the 4th part of the duodenum to the diaphragm (suspensory muscle of the duodenum)

Front 44

intraperitoneal

Back 44

elements of gastroinestinal system suspended form abdonimal wall by mesenteries,

Front 45

retroperitoneal

Back 45

not suspended in abdominal cavity by mesentery, lie bwetween parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall

Front 46

ectopic pregnancy

Back 46

abdominopelvic cavity-can have abdominopelvic infections and pregnancy that is not implanted in the uterus

Front 47

where does air go in the peritoneal cavity?

Back 47

usually to highest point , below diaphragm and above the liver!!!

Front 48

perforation in first part of duodenum

Back 48

effects proper hepatic artery

Front 49

coeliac trunk

Back 49

lower esophagus to upper 1/2 of duodenum at T12

Front 50

superior mesenteric

Back 50

midgut, lower 1/2 of duodenum to left colic flexure- at L1

Front 51

inferior mesenteric artery

Back 51

hindgut(left colic flexure to upper rectum) L3