Abdominal Vescera And Vessels

Front 1

falciform ligament

Back 1

sickle shaped fold of peritoneum that attaches the liver to teh anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus

Front 2

ligamentum teres

Back 2

rounded cord attached to the inferior free margin of teh falciform ligament and runs to the umbilicus; remnant of umbilical vein

Front 3

coronary ligament

Back 3

peritoneal fold extending around the superior edge of teh liver and attaching to the diaphragm

Front 4

greater omentum

Back 4

large fatty fold of peritoneum that extends inferiorly from the greater curvature of the stomach in an apron like fashion back to the transverse colon to cover most of the abdominal contents

Front 5

lesser omentum

Back 5

smaller fold of peritoneum that extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the 1st part of teh dueodenum to the liver

Front 6

transverse mesocolon

Back 6

broad double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall

Front 7

abdominal aorta

Back 7

gives rise to most abdominal arteries; begins in aortic hiatus in diaphragm (T12) and ends at L4 when it bifurcates into 2 common iliac arteries

Front 8

celiac trunk

Back 8

branch of abd. aorta; located posterior to the stomach around T12 level; gives rise to 3 branches that supply all the embryonic foregut structures

Front 9

L. Gastric A.

Back 9

may give rise to an aberrant left hepatic artery; branch of celiac trunk

Front 10

Splenic A.

Back 10

branch of celiac trunk; gives rise to: dorsal pancreatic a., great pancreatic a., short gastric arteries, and left gastroepiploc artery.

Front 11

Common hepatic a.

Back 11

branch of celiac trunk; gives rise to gastroduodenal a.; the name then changes to hepatic artery; the proper hepatic artery gives the right gastric artery branch and then divides into right and left hepatic arteries

Front 12

superior mesenteric a.

Back 12

artery situated in the uncinate process of the pancreas; supplies the embryonic midgut and gives numerous jejunal and ilieal branches

Front 13

Ileocolic a.

Back 13

Branch of SMA that supplies the cecum

Front 14

Right colic a.

Back 14

branch of SMA that supplies the ascending colon

Front 15

middle colic a.

Back 15

branch of SMA that supplies the transverse colon

Front 16

Inferior Mesenteric A.

Back 16

arises about 4 cm above the aortic bifurcation to supply the embryonic hindgut and gives rise to the 3 main branches

Front 17

left colic a.

Back 17

branch of IMA; supplies the descending colon

Front 18

sigmoidal a.

Back 18

branch of IMA; supplies the sigmoid colon

Front 19

superior rectal a.

Back 19

branch of IMA; supplies the superior portion of the rectum

Front 20

L. Gastric A.

Back 20

(from celiac trunk); runs in lesser omentum to cardiac portion of stomach before turning to run along lesser curvature of the stomach to anastomose with R. gastric a.; 20-25% of pop'n gives rise to aberrant left hepatic artery

Front 21

aberrant left hepatic a.

Back 21

found in 20-25% of pop'n; branch of left gastric artery that supplies the left lobe of the liver

Front 22

right gastric a.

Back 22

(from proper hepatic a.); also courses along lesser curvature near pyloric portion of stomach to anastomose w/ left gastric artery

Front 23

L. gastroepoploic a.

Back 23

(from splenic a.); courses along greater curvature to anastomose with rigth gastroepiploic a.

Front 24

R. Gastroepiploic a.

Back 24

(from gastroduodenal a.); runs along the greater curvature to anastomose with the left gastroepiploic artery

Front 25

Short gastric a.

Back 25

(from splenic a.); travels along the upper part of the greater curvature of the stomach

Front 26

dorsal gastric a.

Back 26

(from splenic a.); courses superiorly to supply the dorsal surface of the stomach; not found in all persons but may be damaged during surgery if present but not appreciated

Front 27

vermiform appendix

Back 27

small, thin blind ending tube of variable length; position is mobile, but usually inferior and posterior to the cecum; arterial blood supply is by the appendicular artery

Front 28

McBurney's Point

Back 28

approximately the half-way point on a line b/t the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle; usually the location of the appendix

Front 29

tenia coli

Back 29

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle of the colon

Front 30

haustra

Back 30

longitudinal sacculations found b/t the tenia coli of the colon

Front 31

epiploic appendages

Back 31

outpocketings of peritoneum filled with fat; most prominent in the descending colon

Front 32

ascending colon

Back 32

passes superiorly on the right side of the body from the cecum to the liver; at this point it makes a sharp turn to the left to become transverse colon; arterial blood supply is by the ileocolic and right colic arteries (branches of SMA)

Front 33

right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

Back 33

the angle at which the ascending colon becomes the transverse colon

Front 34

transverse colon

Back 34

most mobile portion of the colon; extends from the hepatic flexure transversely across the superior region of the abdominal cavity to the spleen; at this point it makes a sharp inferior turn and become descending colon; arterial blood supply is middle colic artery (branch of SMA)

Front 35

left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

Back 35

the angle at which the transvers colon becomes the descending colon

Front 36

sigmoid colon

Back 36

links the descending colon to the rectum; extends from the pelvic brim to the 3rd segment of the sacrum; termination of tenia coli indicates the beginning of rectum; arterial blood supply is superior sigmoid arteries (branches of SMA)

Front 37

marginal artery (of Drummond)

Back 37

arterial channel that connects the SMA and IMA for collateral circulation throughout the large intestine

Front 38

liver

Back 38

lgst. gland in body; produces bile that is stored in gallbladder; 4 lobes (right, left, caudate, quadrate); covered by peritoneum except on posterior surface where its in direct contact with diaphragm

Front 39

bare area of liver

Back 39

posterior surface of liver that is in direct contact with diaphragm; where the IVC is located

Front 40

proper hepatic artery

Back 40

at the entrance the the liver (portal hepatis); divides into right and left hepatic arteries

Front 41

portal vein

Back 41

from SMV and splenic vein; carries absorbed nutrients from the intestine

Front 42

portal triad

Back 42

contains the proper hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct (union of common hepatic duct and cystic duct)

Front 43

caput medusa

Back 43

swollen periumbilical veins that appear as the snake like hair of medusa around the umbilicus; found w/ portal HTN

Front 44

gallbladder

Back 44

small pear shaped sac located on the inferior side of the liver; stores and concentrates bile and releases it upon hormonal stimulation from the SI; neck ends in the cystic artery

Front 45

pancreas

Back 45

elongate, retoperitoneal mixed gland roughly 6-7 inches long that lies transversely across the posterior abdominal wall, posterior to the stomach

Front 46

pancreatic ducts

Back 46

joins the common bile duct from the liver and gallbladder and enters the duodenum as the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater)

Front 47

accessory duct

Back 47

duct that may be present and leads directly from the pancreas into the duodenum

Front 48

dorsal pancreatic a.

Back 48

branch of splenic a.; located near the origin of teh splenic artery and passes to the neck of the pancreas

Front 49

great pancreatic a.

Back 49

branch of splenic a.; found near the juction of the body and tail of the pancreas

Front 50

spleen

Back 50

large LYMPHATIC organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen; notoriety comes from complications resulting from injury to organ or splenic vessels

Front 51

visceral peritoneum

Back 51

peritoneum that covers the organs

Front 52

parietal peritoneum

Back 52

peritoneum that lines the walls of the peritoneal cavity

Front 53

intraperitoneal organs

Back 53

organs that lie b/t the peritoneal layers

Front 54

retroperitoneal organs

Back 54

organs that lie posterior to the parietal peritoneum (kidneys, adrenal glands, abdominal aorta, and pancreas)

Front 55

peritoneal ligaments

Back 55

folds of peritoneum that anchor organs to the abdominal wall; includes: falciform ligamen, ligamentum teres, coronary ligament, greater omentum, lesser omentu, and transverse mesocolon

Front 56

nerves of laterjet

Back 56

nerves arising from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks; when cut they reduce the amt of acid produced in the stomach

Front 57

McBurney's point

Back 57

located b/t the umbilicus and ASIS on the right