Abdomen Positioning, Ch. 4

Front 1

Acute Abdomen Series
*2-way or 3-way

Back 1

*Flat KUB (mostly AP)
*Upright/erect KUB
*PA Chest (not always in series)

Front 2

KUB stands for

Back 2

Kidneys Ureters, Bladder

Front 3

Flat KUB positioning
*AP Projection - supine position
*PA Projection - prone position

Back 3

*14x17 lenghwise
*80/20
*SID min. 40"
*CR to level of iliac crest
*respiration at end of expiration
*Position: no rotation, iliac wings, kidneys, ureters & bladder
*Long scale

Front 4

ASIS

Back 4

Anterior superior iliac spine

Front 5

6 organs of the Digestive System

Back 5

1. Oral Cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small Intestine
6. Large Intestine

Front 6

Greek term for stomach

Back 6

gastro

Front 7

3 parts of the Small Intestines

Back 7

1. Duodenum (short & wide - "C" shape)
2. Jejunum (2/5 of sm. intestine)
3. Ileum (3/5 of sm. intestine)

Front 8

The orifice (valve) b/t the distal ileum and the cecum portion of the large intestine is the...

Back 8

ileocecal valve

Front 9

The vertical portion of the large intestine above the cecum is the ...

Back 9

Ascending colon

Front 10

The ascending colon of the large intestines joins the ...

Back 10

Transverse colon

Front 11

The transverse colon joins the..........at the left colic (splenic) flexure

Back 11

Descending colon

Front 12

Ascending colon meets the Transverse colon at the.....

Back 12

Right colic (hepatic) flexure

Front 13

Transverse colon meets the Descending colon at the.....

Back 13

Left colic (splenic) flexure

Front 14

The final 6" (15cm) of the large intestines.......and ends at the.........

Back 14

rectum, anus

Front 15

3 Accessory Digestive Organs

Back 15

1. Pancreas
2. Liver
3. Gallbladder

Front 16

Posterior to the stomach and sometimes referred to as "the romance of the abdomen"

Back 16

Pancreas

Front 17

aids in controlling blood sugar, such as insulin and produces large amounts of digestive juices needed for digestion

Back 17

Pancreas

Front 18

Produces bile which assist in the digestion of fats

Back 18

Liver

Front 19

Located below the liver, stores and concentrate bile and to contract and release bile when stimulated by an appropriate hormone

Back 19

Gallbladder

Front 20

The right kidney usually is situated a little lower than the left because of.....

Back 20

the liver

Front 21

Waste materials and excess water are eliminated from the blood by the....

Back 21

Kidneys

Front 22

True or False:
IVP is NOT an accurate term for Intravenous Urogram (IVU)

Back 22

True

Front 23

Urinary System is composed of:

Back 23

2 Kidneys,
2 Ureters
1 Bladder
1 Urethra

Front 24

Serves to store urine

Back 24

bladder

Front 25

Waste materials and excess water are eliminated from the blood by the....

Back 25

kidneys

Front 26

IVU stands for:

Back 26

excretory or intravenous urogram

Front 27

4 terms describe the Abdominal Cavity

Back 27

1. Peritoneum
2. Mesentery
3. Omentum
4. Mesocolon

Front 28

within the abdominal cavity, a large serous, double-wall, saclike membrane and is equal to the area of the skin is called the....

Back 28

peritoneum

Front 29

One of these double folds of the peritoneum that hold the small intestine in places is called....

Back 29

mesentery

Front 30

2 layers of the perotoneum

Back 30

1. parietal (adheres to the cavity wall)
2. verceral (portion that covers the organ)

Front 31

A specific type of double-fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ is called.....

Back 31

omentum

Front 32

The "lesser" omentum or the "greater" omentum extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver?

Back 32

Lesser

Front 33

"lessor" or "greater" omentum connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferiorly?

Back 33

greater omentum

Front 34

The peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall is the....

Back 34

mesocolon

Front 35

The major portion of the peritoneal cavity is called...

Back 35

greater sac or peritoneal cavity

Front 36

The smaller portion of the upper posterior peritoneal cavity located posterior to the stomach is called....

Back 36

lesser sac or omentum bursa

Front 37

"retro"peritoneal means:

Back 37

backward or behind.
structures closely attached to the posterior abdominal wall.
Less mobile within the abdomin

Front 38

organs in the retroperitoneal cavity

Back 38

kidneys
ureters
adrenal glands
pancreas
duodenum
ascending and descensing colon
upper rectum
major abdominal blood vessel (aorta and inferior vena cava)

Front 39

"infra"peritoneal means:

Back 39

under or beneath

Front 40

organs in the infraperitoneal cavity

Back 40

lower rectum
urinary bladder
reproductive organs
Male - closed sac
Female - open sac

Front 41

"intra"peritoneal means:

Back 41

within

Front 42

organs in the intraperitoneal cavity

Back 42

liver
gallbladder
spleen
stomach
jejunum
ileum
cecum
transverse colon
sigmoid colon

Front 43

RUQ = Right Upper Quadrant
consists of:

Back 43

liver
gallbladder
right colic (hepatic) flexure
duodenum
head of the pancreas
right kidney
right suprarenal gland

Front 44

LUQ = Left Upper Quadrant

Back 44

spleen
stomach
left colic (splenic) flexure
tail of pancreas
left kidney
left suprarenal gland

Front 45

RLQ = Right Lower Quadrant

Back 45

ascending colon
appendix
cecum
2/3 of ileum
ileocecal valve

Front 46

LLQ = Left Lower Quadrant

Back 46

descending colon
sigmoid colon
2/3 of jejunum

Front 47

9 regions of the abdominal structures

Back 47

1. right hypochondriac
2. epigastic
3. left hypochondriac
4. right lateral (lumbar)
5. umbilical
6. left lateral (lumbar)
7. right inguinal (iliac)
8. pubic (hypogastic)
9. left inguinal (iliac)

Front 48

2 horizontal planes are:

Back 48

transpyloric (L1) and transtubercular (L5)

Front 49

the right and left lateral planes are parallel to the midsagittal plane and are located midway b/t...

Back 49

it and each ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

Front 50

7 topographic landmarks:
2 most common....

Back 50

iliac crest & ASIS

Front 51

Ischial tuberosity
(is-kee-um)

Back 51

landmark used to positioning a PA projection of the colon when the rectal area is to be included on the IR

Front 52

*Lateral Decubitus Position (AP projection): Abdomen
*AP projection - Erect Position (perform first if patient is able)

Back 52

*Patient should be on their side or upright for a min. of 5 min, rec. 10-20 min.
*14x17 lenghwise
*80/30
*SID min. 40"
*CR 2" above level of iliac crest
*mark side "up" for decub
*respiration at end of expiration
*light field at level of axilla (armpit or nipple area)
*Position: no rotation, iliac wings, kidneys, ureters & bladder
*long scale

Front 53

Dorsal Decubitus Position (R or L Lateral): abdomen

Back 53

*Aneurysma
*14x17 crosswise
*80/60
*SID min. 40"
*CR 2" above level of iliac crest
*mark side closed to IR
*respiration at end of expiration
*collimation is important b/c of increased scatter from the higher kV and need for soft tissue
*Position: no rotation, iliac wings, kidneys, ureters & bladder
*include diaphragm

Front 54

Lateral Position: Abdomen

Back 54

*14x17 lenghwise
*80/60
*SID min. 40"
*CR 2" above level of iliac crest
*mark side closed to IR
*suspend breathing on expiration
*lead blocker placed on tabletop behind patient to reduce scatter

Front 55

Clinical reasons for an Acute Abdomen series:

Back 55

*ileus (small bowel obstruction)
*ascites (fluid accumulation in abdomen)
*perforated hollow viscus (free intraperitoneal air)
*intraabdominal mass (neoplasms -benign or malignant)
*post-op (surgery)

Front 56

which image is taken first if the patient is able?

Back 56

erect

Front 57

what position replaces "erect" if the patient is too ill to stand?

Back 57

Left lateral decubitus

Front 58

what beam type of best to visualize air-fluid levels?

Back 58

horizontal

Front 59

which is the best projection to visualize free air under diaphragm?

Back 59

Erect PA chest or AP erect abdomen