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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major pathology that we are going to see in the aorta?
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Aneurysms
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What does it mean if your preceptor says you have an "AAA coming in"?
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It means that you need to examine a patient to "rule out" an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.
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Where does the aorta start?
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At the left ventricle of the heart
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In what direction does it travel after leaving the left venticle?
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Superiorly
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What is the part of the aorta called immediately after it leaves the left ventricle?
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Ascending aorta.
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What part comes after the ascending aorta?
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The aortic arch
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What are the 2 parts of the descending aorta?
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1. Thoracic
2. Abdominal |
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What are 2 different correct answers to the question, "Name the parts of the aorta"?
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1. Ascending, arch, descending
2. Ascending, arch, thoracic, abdominal |
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What is the region in which an aortal aneurysm most commoly occurs?
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The abdomen
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What do the words "above" and "below" mean in the context of aneurysms?
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"Above" means superior to.
"Below" means inferior to. Note that the direction of flow in the vessel is immaterial. |
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What is the most common location of an abdominal aneurysm?
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Below the kidneys, above the bifurcation.
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How often are the renal arteries involved in an abdominal aneurysm?
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About 10% of the time.
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What are the 3 ways in which we characterize aneurysms?
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1. Location
2. Shape 3. Cause |
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What is the term for an abdominal aneurysm located below the kidneys?
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An infrarenal aneurysm
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What 2 veins originate in the lumbar vertebrae, and can increase in caliber and serve as a collateral pathway if the IVC collapses?
Which is on the left, and which is on the right? |
Left: Hemiazygos vein
Right: Azygos vein |
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Does the hemiazygos vein join the azygos vein, or does the azygos vein join the hemiazygos vein?
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The hemiazygos vein joins into the azygos vein.
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Where does the hemiazygos vein join the azygos vein?
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Where it crosses over the abdomen from left to right, just below the diaphragm, around T11 / T12.
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Where does the azygos vein travel, and what does it drain into?
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It travels through the diaphragm and drains into the superior vena cava, which then drains into the right atrium
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What does the IVC drain into?
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The right atrium
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What is the term for an aneurysm which is below the level of the renal arteries?
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An infrarenal aneurysm
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What is the difference between a "classical" (Berry, fusiform, or saccular) aneurysm, a dissecting aneurysm, and a pseudoaneurysm?
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In the case of a "classical" aneurysm, there is bulging of the vessel walls, but no tearing.
A dissecting aneurysm involves a tear in only the inner wall. A pseudoaneurysm involves a previous repair of all 3 walls, perhaps due to surgery, and subsequent tearing. If 1 or 2 or even all 3 walls tear, blood can collect and appear to "bulge" out of the vessel, even though the vessel walls are actually only torn, but not bulging. |
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What are 8 risk factors for aortic aneurysms?
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1. Age (> 60)
2. Male (4-5 x female) 3. Family history 4. Genetics 5. Hyperlipidemia 6. Hypertension 7. Smoking 8. Diabetes |
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What methods can be used to diagnose aneurysms?
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1. Ultrasound (least expensive, noninvasive)
2. MRI (noninvasive) 3. CAT scan (invasive) 4. Invasive x-ray (e.g., angiogram) (invasive) |
