Aba Cooper - 50 Questions

Front 1

Count

Back 1

The number of responses emitted during an observation period

Front 2

Rate/Frequency

Back 2

"A ratio of count per observation time; often expressed as count per standard unit of time (e.g.

Front 3

Celeration

Back 3

The change (acceleration or deceleration) in rate of responding over time

Front 4

Duration

Back 4

The amount of time that a behavior occurs

Front 5

Response Latency

Back 5

The point in time when a response occurs with respect to the occurence of an antecendent stimulus

Front 6

Interresponse Time (IRT)

Back 6

The point in time when a response occurs with respect to the occurence of the previous response

Front 7

Percentage

Back 7

"A proportion

Front 8

Trials to Criterion

Back 8

"Number of responses

Front 9

Topography

Back 9

The form or shape of behavior

Front 10

Magnitude

Back 10

"The strength

Front 11

Measurement

Back 11

The process of assigning numbers and units to particular features of objects or events...[It] involves attaching a number representing the observed extent of a dimensional quantity to an appropriate unit. The number and the unit together constitute the measure of the object or event

Front 12

Repeatability

Back 12

"(also called countability)

Front 13

Instances of a response class can occur repeatedly through time (i.e.

Back 13

behevaior can be counted)"

Front 14

Temporal Extent

Back 14

"Every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time (i.e.

Front 15

Temporal Locus

Back 15

"Every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events (i.e.

Front 16

A-B design

Back 16

A two-phase experimental design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition(A) followed by a treatment condition (B)

Front 17

A-B-A design

Back 17

"A three-phase experimental design consisting of an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or countertherapeutic trend) is obtained

Front 18

A-B-A-B design

Back 18

"An experimental design consisting of (1) an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or countertherapeutic trend) is obtained

Front 19

abative effect (of a motivating operation)

Back 19

"A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example

Front 20

ABC recording

Back 20

See anecdotal observation

Front 21

abolishing operation (AO)

Back 21

"A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus

Front 22

Count

Back 22

The number of responses emitted during an observation period.

Front 23

Rate/Frequency

Back 23

"A ratio of count per observation time; often expressed as count per standard unit of time (e.g., per minute, per hour, per day)".

Front 24

Response Latency

Back 24

The point in time when a response occurs with respect to the occurence of an antecendent stimulus.

Front 25

Interresponse Time (IRT)

Back 25

The point in time when a response occurs with respect to the occurence of the previous response.

Front 26

Percentage

Back 26

"A proportion, expressed as a number of parts per 100; typically expressed as a ratio of the number of responses of a certain type per total number of responses (or opportunities or intervals in which such a response could have occurred)".

Front 27

Trials to Criterion

Back 27

"Number of responses, instructional trials, or practice opportunities needed to reach a predetermined performance criterion".

Front 28

Topography

Back 28

The form or shape of behavior.

Front 29

Magnitude

Back 29

"The strength

Front 30

Measurement

Back 30

The process of assigning numbers and units to particular features of objects or events...[It] involves attaching a number representing the observed extent of a dimensional quantity to an appropriate unit. The number and the unit together constitute the measure of the object or event.

Front 31

abolishing operation (AO)

Back 31

"A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion".

Front 32

Antecedent

Back 32

An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest..

Front 33

antecedent intervention

Back 33

"A behavior change strategy that manipulates contingency-independent antecedent stimuli (motivating operations). (See noncontingent reinforcement, high-probability request sequence, and functional communication training)".

Front 34

antecedent stimulus class

Back 34

"A set of stimuli that share a common relationship. All stimuli in an antecedent stimulus class evoke the same operant behavior, or elicit the same respondent behavior (See arbitrary stimulus class, feature stimulus class)".

Front 35

applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Back 35

The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior..

Front 36

arbitrary stimulus class

Back 36

"Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect such as bigger or under (e.g., peanuts, cheese, coconut milk, and chicken breasts are members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they evoke the response ""sources of protein""). (Compare to feature stimulus class).".

Front 37

artifact

Back 37

An outcome or result that appears to exist because of the way it is measured but in fact does not correspond to what actually occurred..

Front 38

automatic punishment

Back 38

"Punishment that occurs independent of the social mediation by others (i.e., a response product serves as a punisher independent of the social environment).".

Front 39

automatic reinforcement

Back 39

"Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (e.g., scratching an insect bite relieves the itch).".

Front 40

automaticity (of reinforcement)

Back 40

"Refers to the fact that behavior is modified by its consequences irrespective of the person's awareness; a person does not have to recognize or verbalize the relation between her behavior and a reinforcing consequence, or even know that a consequence has occurred, for reinforcement to ""work"" (Contrast with automatic reinforcement)".

Front 41

aversive stimulus

Back 41

"In general, an unpleasant or noxious stimulus; more technically, a stimulus change or condition that functions (a) to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past; (b) as a punisher when presented following behavior; and/or (c) as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior".

Front 42

avoidance contingency

Back 42

A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus (compare with escape contingency).

Front 43

backup reinforcers

Back 43

"Tangible objects, activities, or privileges that serve as reinforcers that can be purchased with tokens.".

Front 44

backward chaining

Back 44

"A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in a chain, which is performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but the last 2 behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final 2 steps to complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently.".

Front 45

backward chaining with leaps ahead

Back 45

A backward chaining procedure in which some steps in the task analysis are skipped; used to increase the efficiency of teaching long behavior chains when there is evidence that the skipped steps are in the learner's repertoire..

Front 46

Bar Graph

Back 46

A simple and versatile graphic format for summarizing behavioral data; shares most of the line graph's features except that it does not have distinct data points representing successive response measures through time. Also called a histogram..

Front 47

Baseline

Back 47

"A condition of an experiment in which the independent variable is not present; data obtained during baseline are the basis for determining the effects of the independent variable; a control condition that does not necessarily mean the absence of instruction or treatment, only the absence of a specific independent variable of experimental interest.".

Front 48

Behavior

Back 48

"The activity of living organisms; human behavior includes everything that people do. A technical definition: ""that portion of an organism's interaction with its environment that is characterized by detectable displacement in space through time of some part of the organism and that results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment"" (Johnson & Pennypacker, 1993a, p. 23.) (See operant behavior, respondent behavior, response, response class)".

Front 49

Behavior-altering effect (of a motivating operation)

Back 49

"An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, the frequency of behavior that has been reinforced with food is increased or decreased by food deprivation or food ingestion.".

Front 50

Behavior chain

Back 50

A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain; reinforcement for the last response in a chain maintains the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all previous responses in the chain..