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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define kin selection
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when cooperating you tend to interact with your kin(the ones closest related to you), this leads to kin selection.
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what are two things that can make cooperation evolve?
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1. reciprication, repeated interactions
2. encounters with individuals in non-random(tend to interact with kin) |
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what is TFT?
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it is a strategy , where when you encounter a stranger you cooperate, but when you encounter a non stranger you play the strategy they played.
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where do you see cooperation evolving? 3
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1. Kin selection
2. Low cost/ High benefits 3. where you have opportunity for reciprocity |
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define haploidiploidy.
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the sex of the organism is determined by the number of sets of chromosomes. males are haploid and do not have a father.
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what are darwins 3 postulates?
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1. there must be heritable variablity
2.there must be a struggle for existence 3. the heritable variation will influence that struggle |
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what is learning?
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it is relatively permanent changes in an organisms behavior due to an experience. This knowledge must be used in order to be remembered.
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what is an ESS
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a common strategy that cannot be invaded by a rarer mutant strategy. it is a strategy where you could not change strategies and improve your fitness
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what is reciprocal altruism?
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it is defined as an act of helping some other and eating the cost, thinking that in the future encounter that individual will repay you.
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what is the coefficient of relatedness?
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the percentage of genes that two individuals share
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what is kin selection?
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it is the idea that individuals will help others that are closely related to them , because it will increase the odds your genes are passed to next generation
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what is inclusive fitness?
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you cant think of the genes effect on just the organism you must take into account the fitness effects on that organism and its relatives with the same genes
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what is hamiltons rule?
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r greater than c/b
takes into account relatedness, I will kill myself to save two bros and cuz. the idea is you are removing your genes but saving more if u add up |
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what 2 assumptions must be false may lead to cooperation?
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1. repeated interactions leading to reciprocity
2. non random interactions (you tend to interact with kin) |
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what is an aesthetic trait?
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just fashionable or attractive. the trait doesnt indicate anything.
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what is runaway sexual selection?
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where a F prefers a trait in a M that not nec. beneficial. But over time the trait and the preference become genetically linked and it sort of runs away.
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what is a sensory bias and an example?
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where an individual prefers a trait but for a different reason. Like a F may like orange bc fruit falls in the H2O.
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explain chase away selection.
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-Selection on F sensory system
-F attraction for a M trait -Mutation produces a M with the trait -F mating threshold increases (she gets used to it) -M attraction declines -Exaggeration by M display -F fitness declines (bc like of orange gives u no benefit) |
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what is sperm competition?
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post copulatory sexual selection. example is black winged damselflies do it 2 ways. 1 remove sperm with penis. 2. vibrate and make F eject sperm.
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what is nuptial gift?
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any type of resource given from one sex to the other that increases the investment they are putting into their mate.
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what is ex. of animal with conditional strategies?
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morman crickets change mating strategies based on resource availabilty. choose bigger F with lots of eggs bc spermatophore is costly to produce
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how are M and F different in parental investment?
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sex making the largest investment in lactation, nurturing and protecting offspring will be more discriminating in mating and that the sex that invests less in offspring will compete for access to the higher investing sex
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what is ex of polyandry?
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field cricket
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what is ex of monogamy?
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parrot
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