Aafinal Music History Ch. 19

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Singspiels

Back 1

spoken plays with music

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Anna Amalia

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duchess of Saxe-Weimar, composed two Singspiels

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most prolific German composer of the late Baroque, over 3000 works in almost every contemporary style

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Georg Philipp Telemann

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Bach embraced all musical styles except what

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opera

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born in Eisenach, school in Luneburg, worked at Arnstadt, Muhlhausen,and Weimar then Cothen then Leipzig

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JS Bach

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Bach's position and music at Arnstadt, Muhlhausen, and Weimer

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church organist, concertmaster at Weimar, wrote cantatas

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Bach's position and music at Cothen

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court music director, solo and ensemble music

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Bach's position and works at Leipzig

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in charge of 1 out of 4 churches; director of the Leipzig collegium musicum; concertos, chamber works, and keyboard music

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How did Bach learn composition

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by copying or arranging the music of other composers

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known as an outstanding improviser and often tested new organs

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JS Bach

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Bach learned from this composer to write concise themes, to clarify the harmonic scheme, and to develop subjects into grandly proportioned formal structures based on the ritornello idea

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Vivaldi

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obligato

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essential, not optional

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Orgelbuchlein

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Little Organ Book: collection of chorale preludes written at Weimar

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titles of the three sets of suites composed by Bach

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English Suites, French Suites, Partitas

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standard four dance movement of Germany found in Bach's French and English Suites

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allemande, courante, sarabande, gigue (all cows see grass)

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Bach's best known keyboard works

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The Well-Tempered Clavier, each with 24 prelude and fugue pairs in all major and minor keys rising in chromatic order from C to B

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Goldberg Variations

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30 variations on a sarabande theme; every 3rd variation is a canon; by Bach

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quodlibet

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combining two popular-song melodies in counterpoint above the bass of the theme

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A Music Offering

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dedicated to Frederick the Great of Prussia by Bach, a trio sonata added for flute, Frederick's instrument

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The Art of Fugue

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by Bach, demonstates all types of fugal writing; last fugue is unfinished but spells out B-A-C-H (in German, Bb, A, C, B natural)

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viola da gamba

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bowed, fretted string instrument played in between the legs (15th-18th century)

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Bach's best known orchestral works

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six Brandenburg Concertos

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what is special about the 5th Brandenburg Concerto

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astonishing cadenza for harpsichord

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the first composer to write/arrange concertos for one or more harpsichords and orchestra

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JS Bach

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Erdmann Neumeister's cantata

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for Lutheran services, added poetic texts that brought home the meaning of the day's Gospel reading

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Bach preferred how many singers in each of the main choirs?

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12

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the Leipzig church required how many cantatas a year in addition to other music?

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58

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two surviving passions of Bach

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St. John Passion and St. Matthew Passion; tenor narrates story, soloists depict Jesus, chorus depicts crowd

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Bach's only complete setting of the Catholic Mass Ordinary

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Mass in B Minor

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Born in Halle, , 3 years at Hamburg opera house, 4 years in Italy, matured as composer in England

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Handel

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composer who was working for the public, who was able to gain enormous popularity because he was able to measure and serve the taste of the public

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Handel

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Marquis Francesco Ruspoli

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Handel's principal patron in Italy

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Almira

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Handel's first opera

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Handel is best known for what two genres?

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English oratorios and Italian operas

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who were Handel's most important patrons?

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British monarchs

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Zadok the Priest

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Handel's 4 anthems for coronation of King George the II, played at every British coronation since

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Rinaldo

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Handel's first Italian opera composed for London

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The Royal Academy of Music

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about sixty wealthy gentleman who established a stock company for producing Italian operas that were staged at the King's theater in Haymarket; Handel was the music director

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two types of recitatives utilized by Handel

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simple recitative (recitativo semplice, later recitativo secco/dry recitative) and accompanied recitative (recitativo accompagnato or recitativo obbligato)

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prima donna

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first lady, most and best arias

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coloratura

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brilliant displays of florid ornamentation

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Handel's first oratorio in English

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Esther

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Handel's most famous work

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Messiah

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Senesino

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arrogant and skilled castrati that worked under Handel for a while

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English oratorio

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Handel created this new genre, sacred entertainments based on well-known biblical stories

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when and where were Handel's oratorios performed

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in London during Lent

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roles of the chorus in Handel's oratorios

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participate in the action; narrate the story, comment on events like Greek drama

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much of Handel's instrumental music was published where by whom?

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London by John Walsh

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Handel's 2 most popular instrumental works

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two suites for orchestra; Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks

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composer of the first organ concertos

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handel