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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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whoneeds AAC? |
Ppl with autism Ppl who can’t talk (Cerebral Palsy) Aphasia/Dysarthria |
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whatdo you do in assessment/treatment/education and counseling? |
Explain to client, caregiver, other professionals, lawyers, insurance company teach you to learn (read literature) and apply research to clinical practice and apply research to clinical practice Can check ASHA for journals (Journalist, American Journal of Speech Pathology, Language Speech ???? School) |
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Shouldan SLP consider using an AAC device as soon as possible or wait and see? Explain why. |
lose time that could have used to learn using the AAC can’t communicate their needs (hunger, pain, thirsty, sick, socialize) |
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Whathappens if a person has no communication? Think about how it affectsdifferent ages. List examples. |
Ex. 10 month olds want to socialize, want attention May communicate in inappropriate ways if no communication means (crying, tantrum, whining, etc.), may lead to self injury if they aren’t given attention Ex. College student become more isolated, lose learning opportunities, depression and anxiety when feel like they’re not needed Feels empowered when have ability to communicate |
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Whywas there an increase number of individuals with congenital and acquireddisabilities in the 1950s? |
WW2 (TBI, hearing loss, baby booming) Med and treatment of neuro impairments (med to prevent strokes but can lead to comm prob) More newborns surviving births (higher survival rates, often at risk for comm disorders in the premature population) |
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Whatis the difference between congenital and acquired disabilities? |
Congenital- from birth (Ex. CP, ID) Acquire - after birth (Ex. TBI, PD, ALS) |
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**Whydid monks develop nonspeech modes of communication? When was that? |
To communication under a vow wherethey could not speak. In the 1500s. |
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Whatnew emphasis was brought in the 1950s on treating those with cognitiveimpairments? |
new emphasis for ppl with cogn impairment on teaching skills to help them be more indp (institutionalized in poor conditions, parents were told they could not contribute to society - couldn’t get jobs or be useful) |
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Whathappened in the 1950s that changed the way teaching those with cognitiveimpairments were viewed? |
at end of 1950s, parents advocate for their children by using simple communication boards to show that they could communicate (they could learn sign despite the cognitive impairment) at end of 1950s, a group of parents formed the Association for Retarded Citizens (ARC) |
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What was introduced to those with cognitive impairments in the 1950s to help them communicate? How did this help? |
sign language was introduced for indv with hearing impairment and cognitive impairment teach children basic vocabulary(name food items, numbers and letters, etc.) through sign language, showing that they could communicate |
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What major social changes in the 1960s empowered those with disabilities? How did it help them? |
president JFK had a relative that had MR(mental retardation or intellectual disability), create advocacy and awareness of it
When someone famous has the disorder, it increases the awareness of it It was something ppl typically hid from public JFK did a lot of advocacy for it |
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**In the 1960s, multimodal communication was implemented. What were the modes first used? |
multimodal comm was emphasized (signs + speech),vocalize/approximate while signing at the same time Teachers were signing and speaking at the same time |
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What social and legal changes were brought over to the 1970s to help those with disabilities? |
soc and legal changes continue to protect rights of individuals with disabilities can’t discriminate the m had the right to education major shift in attitude of others |
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Team approached emphasized in the 1970s. List the professions involved. |
SLP, PT, OT, rehab engineers (work with wheelchairs, seat someone and see how to mount arms for AAC or have a swing arm, or to look at how far legs should be stretched, foot plate adjusted, how much to recline wheelchair |
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Whatnew developments in language development were introduced in the 1970s? Why was this important? |
Brown’s stages (3 samples, morphemes) syntax, vocabulary,recognize need for big samples (how do kids learn words?), development norms Helps figure out which words to introduce first on AAC |
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List some of the manual and technology developed in the 1970s. |
sign language developed technology had very robotic, had voice synthesis with distorted voices First computer based system -not portable, had to be isolated to say something New symbols (Bliss, Rebus) |
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What were Blissymbols? What was Rebus? |
Bliss - symbols, simple, for universal use Rebus - sight recognition,black and white, used successfully in the schools, teach words with symbols |
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**What was Silverman's claims in the 1980s in regards to AAC? Where did silverman get this info? |
AAC will not harm speech development AAC will help speech development anecdotal information, SOAP notes |
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What were the main 3 populations ppl withhold communication from? Why? |
Ppl were shy about introducing AAC to autism and late talkers or kids with apraxia still wanted the traditional oral approach |
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What happens when withholding speech from child? |
They get behind from experimenting with language Challenge in behavior to get what they want, self injury behavior |
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Why do children that learn ASL stop using them once they develop speech? |
As soon as babies got speech, they stopped usingsigns because it's more efficient to talk than to use a sign. Can go down then back up because of cognitive load, a period where theytry to figure out the new communication system. |
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Why do you want them to stop using AAC when theygain speech? |
More efficient, moresocially acceptable |
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What helped progress AAC in the 1980s? |
Development of assistive device centers andprofessional organizations internationally Many states had regionaltechnology centers Can call the lending library(many systems and types) to make recommendations for ordering them Lots of state funds andfederal funds ISAAC (international societyof alternative and augmentative communication) - conference is every other year |
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what is AAC symbol taxonomy?
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means lots of different symbol sets, some easyto use others required a lot of learning Research was trying to figureout which one was easy/hard, a hierarchy of symbols and ranking them |
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Why would you rank AAC symbols? |
gives a starting point to figure out whichsystem works for your client |
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What changed in 1990s for AAC devices? |
the recession, lost funding centers closed or didn’t have enough equipmentto send out to people to use |
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What were the social gains for AAC devices in the 1990s? |
great social gains (PL 100-407 AssistiveTechnology Law), but lack of money every child that needs anAAC device has the right to request it treat AAC as medical equipment to convinceinsurance companies to pay for it there IS no minimum age for children to use AACdevices |
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What is Dynabox? |
Speaking Dynamically paired with Dynavox tobring the program onto a computer Symbols in gridded rows,program it to say things |
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What were the benefits of dynabox? Why was speaking dynamically important? |
Good because can dodiagnostics and program for a trial system **Speaking dynamically wasimportant because give a way to simulate an AAC system for a diagnostic** |
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What is the Current Model of Service Delivery? |
communication needs/wants Educational needs Vocational needs Facilitator training Language development Environment |
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what made 1990s research for AAC different than 1980s? |
research became better in the 1990s, lookingcritically at AAC 1980s research was more anecdotal withqualitative comments |
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what is facilitated communication (FC)? |
need someone with you common with nonspeaknonverbal children with autism |
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what is the difference between verbal and speaking? |
Verbal -means language, NOT SPEECH So nonverbal means they don’t have knowledge of language speak - use speech to communicate |
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why was FC a controvery? |
who’s speaking? Person or FC? it never exposed to code, can't spell Howard Shane did a doubleblind study to show that it’s the FC that created the message -no evidence thatthe writer is the author of the message if they are illiterate |
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what is the literacy rate for AAC users? Why is that? |
Literacy rate for AAC users are 10-25%
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How would you teach someone to read if theycan’t speak? |
when you segment it in reverse The C says c Start with regular spellingand match up the sounds and letters before blending |
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Why is the literacy rate so low for AAC users? |
Focus on symbols, aren’ttaught the letters Ppl don’t know how to teach them to read There are challenges in teaching them how tospell/read because phonetics have many different sounds like A |
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What is Subvocal articulatory rehearsal? |
cue your client to say it in their head, tosound out words
accepted practice now to sound out words Here is asegment c-a-t, say it real fast, what is it? Show pictures of a cat, a cape,and cap Closestthing we have to teach kids how to read |
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What did literate AAC users shared in common? |
One person told them they could read, often a parent or a teacher |
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Why is the unemployment rate for this populationso high? |
-not literate, often not physically capable -they need to be literate to get a job -Literacy should be a number one goal |
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What should you consider when programming a communication board for an AAC user? |
Always look at curriculum and peers, programthem into the board to improve her vocabulary How often do you update vocabulary? Need to update vocabulary at least once a week Consider the environment of the AAC user |
