A&a Final

Front 1

The Six Characteristics of Language

Back 1

Symbols are arbitrary, language is imprecise, language is ambiguous, language is figurative, language frames experience, language creates and separates communities.

Front 2

Abstract vs. concrete language

Back 2

Abstract language is language that is vague or broad in its meaning. Concrete language has more specific shared meanings.

Front 3

Symbol

Back 3

Something that a group of language users agree stands for something else.

Front 4

Denotative meanings vs. connotative meanings

Back 4

Denotative = meanings that you would find in a dictionary. Connotative = personal, emotional reactions that we associate with words and phrases.

Front 5

Reports vs. inferences

Back 5

Reports = statements of fact that are capable of being verified. Inferences = statements that are conclusions about something based on information the person making the statement knows.

Front 6

6 Questionable Uses of Language

Back 6

Weasel words, jargon, puffery, asking questions to replace statements, bipolar thinking, and sloganeering.

Front 7

Name and define two fallacies associated with language (1).

Back 7

Loaded language = using emotionally charged language to create an impression about the subject of a claim without making an argument that the language fits the subject

Front 8

Name and define two fallacies associated with language (2).

Back 8

Figure of speech = confusing figurative language with literal language.

Front 9

Refutation

Back 9

Responding to the other person's argument.

Front 10

Direct refutation vs. indirect refutation

Back 10

Direct = directly contradicts. Indirect = tries to deny the proposition without directly speaking to what the other advocate said.

Front 11

Name and define two fallacies associated with refutation (1).

Back 11

Responding the the other person's argument.

Front 12

Name and define two fallacies associated with refutation (2).

Back 12

Appeal to fear = an appeal to emotion that argues that actions should be taken to avoid negative results when the negative results are exaggerated, unlikely, or irrelevant.

Front 13

Definition of persuasive public speaking

Back 13

Oral communication designed to influence the attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors of others in a setting where one person talks to many others at one time.

Front 14

The 5 "canons'" of rhetoric

Back 14

Invention, disposition, style, memory, and delivery.

Front 15

6 suggestions for the audience

Back 15

Consider style over substance, think critically in the strong sense, consider the evidence, consider the speaker's credibility, make an independent judgement, and recognize that there will always be some uncertainty.

Front 16

HURIER model

Back 16

Hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding.

Front 17

4 types of listening

Back 17

Discriminative, evaluative, appreciative, and empathic.

Front 18

Define discriminative listening

Back 18

listening for understanding

Front 19

Define appreciative listening

Back 19

Listening for pleasure

Front 20

Define evaluative listening

Back 20

Listening to people who try to persuade you and you evaluate what they say.

Front 21

Define empathic

Back 21

Listening to help the speaker.

Front 22

Six active listening responses

Back 22

Show that you're paying attention, giving the other person the floor, focusing your attention by concentrating on listening, thinking about what the other person says, asking questions, and use mirroring, paraphrasing, and interpreting.

Front 23

6 forms of nonlistening

Back 23

pseudolistening, monopolizing, selective listening, defensive listening, ambushing, and literal listening.

Front 24

Define pseudolistening

Back 24

Pretending you're listening when you're not

Front 25

Define monopolizing

Back 25

Dominating a conversation by continually focusing on yourself instead of the other person

Front 26

Define selective listening

Back 26

Focusing only on particular parts of the communication

Front 27

Define defensive listening

Back 27

Perceiving that you're being personally attacked

Front 28

Define ambushing

Back 28

When the listener listens very carefully but only for the purpose of attacking the speaker.

Front 29

Define literal listening

Back 29

Listening only for the content level of meaning and ignoring the relationship meaning.

Front 30

Dyadic argumentation

Back 30

Two people arguing together

Front 31

Supportive communication vs. threatening communication

Back 31

Supportive = verbal and non verbal messages presented in ways that are unlikely to be perceived as an ego threat. Threatening = verbal and nonverbal messages presented in ways that are likely to be perceived as an ego threat.

Front 32

Verbal aggressiveness

Back 32

A negative personality facet exhibited by "the inclination to attack the self-concepts of individuals instead of, or in addition to, their positions on particular issues."

Front 33

Infante's 5 suggestions for responding to verbal aggressiveness

Back 33

State the controversy in propositional form, analyze the proposition and invent arguments, present and defend your position, refute other positions, and manage interpersonal relations.

Front 34

4 benefits of small group decision making

Back 34

Allows for a division of responsibilities, it creates more ideas from which to choose, allows better criticism of ideas, leads to more satisfaction with the outcome.

Front 35

7 disadvantages of group decision making

Back 35

Dilution of ideas, avoidance of responsibilities, takes more time to reach decisions, dominance by one member, trying to please everyone, a group can be too large, and groupthink.

Front 36

Groupthink

Back 36

Happens when the group places more value on harmony than on making good decisions.

Front 37

Reflective thought pattern

Back 37

A traditional way of organizing a problem-solving group discussion. Calls for users to employ critical thinking and argumentative skills, and it increases the likelihood that relevant issues will be addressed instead of being skipped over in favor of a quick solution.