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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abduction
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movement of appendage away from midline of body
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Activities of Daily Living
(ADL's) |
self care activities including bathing, grooming, dressing, eating, toileting and bowel and bladder care.
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Adduction
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To move body parts towards the body.
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Ankylosed
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permanently immobile joints
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Atrophy
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decrease in size/deteriorate
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Balance
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depends on the interrelationship of the center of gravity, the line of gravity, and the base of support
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Base Support
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the foundation on which the body rests
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Body Alignment
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assessment includes an inspection of the client standing; the purpose is to identify normal developmental variations in posture; learning needs;
Factors contributing to poor posture are fatigue or low self-esteem, muscle weakness or other motor impairments. |
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Center of Gravity
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the point at which all of the body’s mass is centered
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Contracture
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permanent shortening of the muscle
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Demineralization
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bones depleted of calcium
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Disuse Syndrome
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is decreased activity resulting from inadequate balance between oxygen supply and demand associated with decrease cardiac output and obesity
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Eversion
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turning the sole of the foot by turning the ankle outward
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Extension
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Increasing the angle of the joint
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Flaccid
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without muscle tone
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Foot board
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a flat panel often made of plastic or wood. It keeps the feet in dorsiflexion to prevent plantar flexion.
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Friction
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rubbing, the force that opposes motion
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Gait
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the way a person walks
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Inversion
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turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint
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Isometric Exercises
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tensing of a muscle against an immovable outer resistance that does not change muscle length or produce joint motion
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Isotonic Exercise
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exercise in which muscle tension is constant and the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction an active movement (i.e. pushup)
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Mobility
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ability to move about freely, easily and purposefully in the environment
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Orthopneic position
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– a sitting position that relieves respiratory difficulty; the client leans over and is supported by an overbed table across the lap
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Orthostatic Hypotension
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decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
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Shearing Force
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– a combination of friction and pressure that when applied to the skin results in damage to the blood vessels and tissues
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Supination
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moving the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front of the body
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Spastic
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describing the sudden prolonged involuntary muscle contractions of clients with damage to the central nervous system
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Trendelenburg position
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(bed position) head of bed is lowered and the foot raised in a straight incline
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Trochanter roll
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A trochanter roll is devised by rolling a bath blanket into a shape about 12-14 inches in length. The roll should be just long enough to reach from above the hip to above the knee. The trochanter roll prevents external rotation of the hip.
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Valsalva maneuver
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forceful exhalation against a closed glottis which increases intrathoracic pressure and thus interferes with venous blood return to the heart
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Factors affecting body alignment
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The factors are growth and development, physical health, mental health, nutrition, personal values and attitudes, and certain external factors.
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Identify the major reasons for client immobility
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People who have inactive lifestyles or who are faced with inactivity because of illness or injury are at risk for many problems that can affect major body systems.
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Identify the benefits of bed rest
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Bed rest may be the therapeutic choice to reduce edema, to reduce metabolic and oxygen needs, to promote tissue repair or to decrease pain.
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the
Musculoskeletal System: |
Disuse osteoporosis –
Disuse atrophy – Contractures – Stiffness and pain in the joints – Page 1068 |
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the Cardiovascular System:
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Page 1068
Diminished Cardiac Reserve Increased use of Valsalva Maneuver Ortostatic Hypotension Venus Vasodilation and stasis Dependent Edema (swelling) |
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the Respiratory System:
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Page 1069
Decreased Respiratory Movement Pooling of Respiratory Secretions Atelectasis (collapse of lung or lobe) Hypostatic Pneumonia |
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the Metabolic System:
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Page 1070
Decrease metabolic rate Negative nitrogen balance (depleted protien) Anorexia Negative Calcium Balance |
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the Urinary System:
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Page: 1070
Urinary Stasis Renal Calculi (kidney stones) Urinary Retention Urinary Infection (UTI) |
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the GI System:
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Page 1071
Constipation |
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the Integumantary System (skin):
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Page 1071
Reduced Skin Turgor (elasicity) Skin Breakdown |
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What is the physiologic response of prolonged immobility to the Psychoneurologic system:
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Page 1071
Time perception Problem Solving Decision Making all deteriorate |
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Identify four NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) diagnostic labels for activity and exercise problems/intolerance:
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Page 1074
1. short of breath when walking at regular pace/ level ground indefinitely 2. Short of breath after only one city block/ level ground 3. SOB after only 50 feet on level ground 4. Dyspnea and fatigue at rest |
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flexion
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decreasing angle of joint
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Lordosis
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Exagerated concavity of lumbar region
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kyphosis
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Excessive convex curvature of thoracic spine
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