A& P Test 1

Front 1

Histology definition

Back 1

Study of tissues

Front 2

Tissues def.

Back 2

group of cells that have a common embryonic origin & function

Front 3

Name 4 adult-tissues

Back 3

Muscle, epithelial, Nervous, & connective

Front 4

what are primary germ tissues

Back 4

first tissues formed in the human embryo

Front 5

Ectoderm def.

Back 5

Nervous tissue & epithelium

Front 6

Neuro ectoderm def.

Back 6

specialized ectoderm that forms the nervous tissue

Front 7

Mesoderm

Back 7

connective, muscle, & epithelium mostly

Front 8

Endoderm

Back 8

Epithelium

Front 9

cell junctions

Back 9

Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells; mostly between epithelial

Front 10

Tight junctions

Back 10

strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes;

Front 11

Tight junctions: Location & function

Back 11

Location: ET that lenis the Stomach, sm. intestine, & bladder
Function: stops the passage of substances between cells

Front 12

Adherers Junctions: def, location, & function

Back 12

contain plaque; CADHERINS join the cells. The micro filaments bind to each other Bathe intracellular segments bind to plaque.
loc-epithelial tissue; Function: assist tissue from separating during stretching

Front 13

Desmosomes: Def, Loc &Func

Back 13

Attach to intermediate filaments made of keratin in the cytoplasm
Loc: epidermis & cardiac muscle
Function: keep epidermal cells from separating during tension & cardiac muscle together during contraction

Front 14

Hemi desmosomes: def, Loc , & function

Back 14

intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm and intergin proteins in the extracellular space attach to the basement membrane.
Location: Basement membranes
Function: anchoring cells to to extracellular matrix (basement membrane)

Front 15

Gap Junctions: Def, Loc, Func.

Back 15

Membrane proteins called connexins form fluid filled tunnels called connexons
Loc: nerve & muscle cells, gastrointestinal tract & uterus
Func: contact points between adjacent cells that allow passage of sm. molecules and facilitate cell communication

Front 16

Define Plaque

Back 16

A dense layer of protein in the plasma membrane that attaches to both membrane proteins & and to microfilaments in the cytoskeleton

Front 17

Name 7 Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Back 17

1. Avascular
2. cells sit on the basement membrane
3. Apical (free) surface
4. innervated- good nerve supply
5. Nutrients diffuses through underlying connective tissue
6. proliferate- rapid cell growth
7. Cells tightly packed forming sheets

Front 18

Describe 2 layers of the basement membrane

Back 18

1. Basal Lamina: secreted by epithelial cells; the cells are attached by hemidesmosomes

2. Reticular Lamina- secreted by connective tissue & contains fibrous proteins

Front 19

Functions (3) of the Basement membrane

Back 19

1- Support epithelial cells

2- restricts and filter molecules

3- help in migration of cells during wound healing or growth

Front 20

What are 2 types of epithelial tissue; describe

Back 20

1- Lining & Covering epithelium; outer covering of the skin and some organs & inner lining of blood vessels, ducts, and internal sytems

2- glandular epithelium- single or group of cells that secrete substances into the blood or ducts

Front 21

How do you classify epithelial tissue (2)

Back 21

1. cell shape

2. cell layers

Front 22

Describe the 2 cell layers & Function of each

Back 22

1. Simple- single layer of cells; secretion and absorption

2. stratified- 2 plus layer of cells; protection

Front 23

Describe the 3 cells shapes

Back 23

1. squamous- flat and scale like, thin

2. cuboidal- cube like, circular nuclei

3. columnar- taller than wide, may have cilia or microvilli
*Goblet cells- secrete mucus

Front 24

Name the 8 types of epithelial

Back 24

1. simple squamous
2. simple cuboidal
3. simple columnar
4. pseudo stratified
5. transitional
6. stratified squamous
7 stratified cuboidal
8. stratified columnar

Front 25

Simple Squamous Loc & Func

Back 25

1. Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, secretion

2. endothelium- lines heart, blood, and Lymphatic vessels

mesothelium- layer of serous membranes

Front 26

Simple Cuboidal loc & func

Back 26

1. secretion and absorption

2. kidney tubules

Front 27

Simple Columnar loc & func

Back 27

1. secretion, absoption, and movement

2. uterus, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract.

Front 28

pseudostratified columnar loc & func

Back 28

1. secretes & moves mucus

2. upper respiratory tract

Front 29

stratified squamous loc & func

Back 29

1. protection

2. skin and vaginal wall

Front 30

stratified cuboidal loc & func

Back 30

1. protection & limited secretion and absorption

2. sweat glands and parts of uretha

Front 31

stratified columanr loc & func

Back 31

1. protection & secretion

2. esophagus

Front 32

Transitional epithelium loc & func

Back 32

1. permits distension

2. urinary bladder

Front 33

Define Gland

Back 33

single or group of cells that secretes substances into the blood or from ducts onto a surface.

Front 34

Secretes into ducts that empty on the surface or lining epithelium

Back 34

What is Exocrine Glands

Front 35

Secretions of the exocrine glands

Back 35

what are earwax, saliva, sweat, oil, and digestive juices

Front 36

Secretes into interstitial fluid before entering into the blood, has no ducts

Back 36

What are exocrine glands

Front 37

what are hormones

Back 37

secretions of the endocrine glands

Front 38

Name two ways to classify exocrine glands

Back 38

1. unicellular glands- secretes onto a surface (goblet cells)

2. multicellular glands- multiple cells that are characterized by whether ducts branch and shape of the secretory portion

Front 39

Name two types of glands

Back 39

1. simple

2. compound

Front 40

Describe 5 simple glands

Back 40

1. simple tubular- straight & attached to a single unbranched duct; ie large intestine glands

2. simple branched- branched into a single unbranched duct; gastric glands

3. simple coiled tubular- coiled and attached to a single unbranched duct; suderiferous (sweat) glands

4. simple acinar- secretory portion is rounded & attached to a single unbranched duct; penile urethra glands

5. simple branched acinar- rounded part is branched and attached to a single unbranched duct; sebaceous gland (oil)

Front 41

Describe the 2 compound glands

Back 41

1. Compound Tubular- secretory part is tubular and attaches to a single unbranched duct

2. compound acinar- rounded part is branched and attaches to a branched duct.

Front 42

Describe the 3 functional classifications of of glands

Back 42

1. mecocrine- cells of the glands produce vesicles that contain sec. products, the vesicles empty their contents into the duct through exocytosis; most cells

2. apocrine- sec. products are stored in the cells near the ducts. The actual part of the cell that contains the product breaks off and joins the secretions. The remaining cell repairs itself; sweat and mammary glands

3. Holocrine- the cells contain the sec. product. The whole cell shreds and becomes part of the secretions. The cells are replaced by ones in the deeper layers of the glands; oil glands