A & P Exam #2

Front 1

Generation of membrane potential

Back 1

Both potassium and sodium ions can ʺleakʺ through the cell membrane due to diffusion.

Front 2

Transocytosis

Back 2

Transporting an endosome from one side of a cell to the other and releasing the contents by exocytosis

Front 3

smooth ER

Back 3

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored

Front 4

tRNA

Back 4

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ʺfactoryʺ site for protein formation is the

Front 5

swell and burst

Back 5

A red blood cell placed in pure water would

Front 6

plasma membrane

Back 6

The phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

Front 7

not a function of the plasma membrane

Back 7

prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.

Front 8

microvilli

Back 8

fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells

Front 9

diffusion

Back 9

The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of it

Front 10

peroxisomes

Back 10

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except

Front 11

cells will lose water and shrink

Back 11

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen

Front 12

intercellular material

Back 12

not a subcellular structure

Front 13

A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the ʺinvaderʺ to form new protein

Back 13

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens

Front 14

changes in the environment

Back 14

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to

Front 15

molecular transport through the membrane

Back 15

a function of a plasma membrane protein

Front 16

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

Back 16

correct regarding RNA

Front 17

messenger RNA

Back 17

not a constituent of a plasma membrane

Front 18

Mitosis

Back 18

produces nucleus replication

Front 19

centriole

Back 19

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure

Front 20

melanin

Back 20

an inclusion, not an organelle

Front 21

Hyperplasia

Back 21

accelerated growth

Front 22

UGCAA

Back 22

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be

Front 23

Are as long as 1 meter

Back 23

cells in humans

Front 24

Phospholipids

Back 24

are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature

Front 25

Passive membrane transport processes

Back 25

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

Front 26

caspases

Back 26

Enzymes that destroy the cellʹs DNA and cytoskeleton, producing a quick death to the cell

Front 27

Mitochondria

Back 27

contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

Front 28

integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way

Back 28

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use.

Also acting this way ...

Front 29

Peroxisomes

Back 29

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

Front 30

DNA replication

Back 30

takes place during interphase of the cell cycle

Front 31

transcription/translation

Back 31

The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

Front 32

the maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential

Back 32

extracellular sodium levels are high

Front 33

a concept of the cell theory

Back 33

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms

Front 34

Cellular composition

Back 34

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Front 35

principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure

Back 35

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

Front 36

the intracellular chemical signals known as ʺsecond messengers"

Back 36

Cyclic AMP and calcium may be types

Front 37

water

Back 37

main component of the cytosol

Front 38

Lysosomes

Back 38

contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell

Front 39

endomembrane system

Back 39

an interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected

Front 40

functions of centrioles

Back 40

organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

Front 41

Gene

Back 41

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

Front 42

Extracellular matrix

Back 42

the most abundant extracellular material

Front 43

blood cells in a hypertonic solution

Back 43

Crenation is likely to occur

Front 44

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 44

How some hormones enter cells

Front 45

UCG

Back 45

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon

Front 46

blood vessels

Back 46

not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone

Front 47

collagen fibers

Back 47

intervertebral discs possess this to absorb shock

Front 48

Osseous Tissue

Back 48

Tissue with structural characteristics of lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels

Front 49

Differece between Hyaline Cartilage than that of Fibrocartilage and Elastic Cartilage

Back 49

fibers are not normally visible

Front 50

Epithelial tissue

Back 50

has a basement membrane

Front 51

most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium

Back 51

Golgi bodies

Front 52

Glandular type of Mammary Glands

Back 52

compound alveolar

Front 53

Simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract is characterized by

Back 53

dense microvilli

Front 54

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (location)

Back 54

lines the respiratory tract

Front 55

single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes

Back 55

simple squamous

Front 56

usually contains a large amount of matrix

Back 56

connective tissue

Front 57

fibers and ground substance

Back 57

Matrix

Front 58

Cell types NOT likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue

Back 58

chondrocytes

Front 59

tissue type that arises from all three embryonic germ layers

Back 59

epithelial tissue

Front 60

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength

Back 60

collagen

Front 61

Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n)

Back 61

tissue

Front 62

shape of the external ear is maintained by

Back 62

elastic cartilage

Front 63

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue

Back 63

simple columnar

Front 64

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as

Back 64

endocrine

Front 65

Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

Back 65

True about epithelia

Front 66

What, within the cartilage, divide and secrete new matrix

Back 66

Chondroblasts

Front 67

appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane

Back 67

Pseudostratified columnar Epithelium

Front 68

multilayered, with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface

Back 68

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 69

contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane

Back 69

epithelial membrane

Front 70

Classification of Multicellular exocrine glands

Back 70

functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions

Front 71

the mode of secretion of exocrine glands

Back 71

Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process

Front 72

not considered connective tissue

Back 72

muscle tissue

Front 73

negatively charged polysaccharides

Back 73

glycosaminoglycans

Front 74

highly cellular and well vascularized

Back 74

(structure of) muscle tissue

Front 75

first step in tissue repair

Back 75

inflammation

Front 76

The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing

Back 76

True regarding multicellular exocrine glands

Front 77

ground substance, fibers, and cells

Back 77

main components of connective tissue

Front 78

Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength.

Back 78

true of connective tissue

Front 79

ʺBlastʺ cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells

Back 79

cells of connective tissue

Front 80

Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

Back 80

tissue repair

Front 81

Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important

Back 81

true regarding epithelia

Front 82

primary function is nutrient storage

Back 82

true regarding adipose tissue

Front 83

commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells

Back 83

Goblet cells

Front 84

factors that affect the tissue repair process

Back 84

The age of the person

Front 85

In adults, new surface epithelial cells and the epithelial cells lining the intestine are derived from

Back 85

stem cells

Front 86

substance you would expect to find expelled from a compound alveolar gland

Back 86

milk

Front 87

Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in this type of connective tissue

Back 87

embryonic