A & P Chapter 8 Muscular Tissue

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3 TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE

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CARDIAC (STRIATED INVOL)
SKELETAL(STRIATED VOL)
SMOOTH (INVOLUNTARY)

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TYPE OF MUSCLE FOUND IN INVOLUNTARY AND FOUND IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, WALLS OF BLOOD VESSELS, URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYST.

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SMOOTH MUSCLE

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WHAT SYTEM CONTROLS THE SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES AND HELPS CONTROL MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS THROUGH GI TRACT

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AUTOTOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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ALL THREE MUSCLES CONTAIN

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ACTIN, MYOSIN AND 4 IONS
CALCIUM,SODIUM, CHOLORIDE AND POTASSIUM

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MULTINEUCLEATED MUSCLE

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SKELETAL MUSCLE

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OUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM IS COMPROMISED OF APROX. HOW MANY SKELETAL MUSCLES

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APPROX. 600

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THE ABILITY OF THE TISSUE TO STRETCH WITHOUT DAMAGE

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EXTENSIBILITY

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THE ABILITY OF TISSUE TO RETURN TO ITS ORIGINAL SHAPE AFTER CONTRACTION AND EXTENSION

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ELASTICITY

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THE ABILITY OF TISSUE TO RESPOND TO STIMULI BY PRODUCING ELECTRICAL SIGNALS AKA ACTION POTENTIALS

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EXCITABILITY

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PROMPTED BY NEUROTRANSMITTERS OR BY AUTORHYTHMIC SIGNALS ARISING IN A MUSCLE ITSELF

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ACTION POTENTIAL

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FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

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MOVEMENT
STABILITY
COMMUNICATION
PROVIDES HEAT

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BUNDLES OF MUSCLE FIBER THAT MAKE UP SKELETAL MUSCLES ENVELOPED BY CONN TISSUE

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FASICLES

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THIN FIBROUS SHEET OF CONN TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS AND PROTECTS MUSCLE

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FASCIA SEPERATES SKIN FROM MUSCLE)
SUPERFICIAL
DEEP FASCIA(HOLDS MUSCLE TOGETHER)

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3 TYPES OF CONN TISSUE THAT HELP PROTECT MUSCLES

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ENDOMYSIUM
PERIMYSIUM
EPIMYSIUM

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CONNECTS MUSCLE DIRECTLY TO THE BONE USING EPIMYSIUM AND PERIOSTEUM

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COLLAGEN FIBERS

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EXT. OF CONN TISSUE FROM DEEP FASCIA ATTACHES TO THE PERIOSTEUM OF THE BONE

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TENDONS

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END OF THE INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE

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ORIGIN

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THE MORE MOBILE END OF OF A MUSCLE

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INSERTION

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THE THICK MIDDLE REGION OF MUSCLE

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BELLY

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MUSCLES ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON

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THE ORIENTATION OF THEIR FASCILES THERE ARE 5 TYPES

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TYPE OF MUSCLE THAT SURROUND BODY OPENINGS

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CIRCULAR (SPHINCTERS)

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TYPE OF MUSCLE THAT IS FANNED SHAPED

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CONVERGENT (PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE)

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TYPE OF MUSCLE THAT IS TAPERED AT THE ENDS BUT THICKER IN THE MIDDLE

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FUSIFORM (DIGRASTIC MUSCLE)

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TYPE OF MUSCLES THAT ARE RELATIVIELY LONG AND HAVE A UNIFORM WIDTH AND LOOK LIKE STRAP WITH PARALLEL FASICLES

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PARALLEL MUSCLES (STYLOHYOID MUSCLE)

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TYPE OF MUSCLE MADE UP OF SHORT , FEATHER SHAPED BUNDLES WITH TENDONS RUNNING ENTIRE LENGTH OF MUSCLE
HAVE UNIPENNATE, BI, MULTIFORMS

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PENNATE (DELTOID)

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MUSCLES THAT ARE ENTIRELY CONTAINED WITHIN A PARTICULAR REGION (TONGUE)

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INTRINSIC

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MUSCLES ACT UPON A CERTAIN REGION BUT HAVE THEIR ORIGIN ELSEWHERE

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EXTRINSIC

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MUSCLES THAT PRODUCES THE MOST FORCE

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PRIME MOVER AKA
AGONIST

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MUSCLES THAT YEILDS TO THE EFFECTS OF THE PRIME MOVER ACTS OPPOSITE

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ANTAGONIST

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A MUSCLE THAT AIDS THE PRIMED MOVER , AND PREVENTS UNWANTED MOVEMENT AT JOINTS

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SYNERGIST

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A MUSCLE THAT PREVENTS BONE FROM MOVING AND STABALIZES THE MOVEMENT ITSELF

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FIXATOR

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LEVEL OF STIMULUS NEEDED FOR THE NEURON TO FIRE

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THRESHOLD

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SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE NAMED ACCORDING TO FEATURES SUCH AS

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SIZE (MAXIMUS)GLUT
SHAPE( TRAPEZIUS)
ACTION (FLEXOR)
NUMBER OF ORIGINS(BICEPS)