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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the body's largest organ? |
the skin |
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Name the 2 skin layers and the nearby layer associated |
Epidermis: epithelium of skin, dead, flakes off Dermis: connective tissue of skin, nerve endings and blood vessels Hypodermis: connective tissue underneath the skin, fat |
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What is thick skin, where is it found? |
Found on palms of hands, soles of feet, front of fingers and bottoms of toes. Hairless, no sebaceous oil glands, adaptive for high friction, lots of "wear and tear" |
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What is thin skin, where is it found? |
Covers most of the body. Hairy, has both sebaceous oil glands and sweat glands |
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What are the 6 functions of the skin? |
Resistance to trauma and infection Water retention (prevents absorption and loss) Synthesis of Vitamin D Sensation Thermoregulation (regulates body temperature) Nonverbal communication |
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Name the cells of the epidermis |
Stem cells (produce keratinocytes) Keratinocytes Melanocytes Tactile (Merkel) cells Dendritic (Langerhans) cells - immune surveillance |
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Name the layers of the epidermis |
Stratum corneum - superficial, several layers of dead, scaly cells Stratum lucidum Stratum garnulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale - bottom layer, only one cell thick |
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In what layer are hair follicles found? |
the dermis |
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What are the 2 layers of the dermis? |
Papillary layer: superficial (top) layer, thin, rich in blood vessels Reticular layer: deep, thick layer, stria (stretch marks) |
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In what layer is adipose tissue found? |
The hypodermis layer |
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What is melanin? |
Melanin is produced by melanocytes. Skin tones vary due to types and distribution of melanin. Everyone has roughly the same amount of melanocytes. Increased distribution of melanin will mean darker skin. |
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What is hemoglobin? |
The red pigment of blood. Gives our skin reddish and pinkish hues. |
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Describe Cyanosis |
Blueness of the skin due to lack of oxygen in the circulating blood. Ex: airway obstructions due to choking or drowning, emphysema, cardiac arrest, cold weather |
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Describe Albinism |
Genetic lack of melanin resulting in milky white hair and skin and light colored eyes. |
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Describe Jaundice |
Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from high levels of bilirubin (the liver converts hemoglobin to bilirubin and secretes in bile) in the blood. Ex: cancer, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, premature infants whose liver is not well developed |
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Describe Hematoma |
A bruise, or clotted blood showing through the skin. |
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What is the difference between a mole and a freckle? |
Mole: elevated patch of melanized skin, "beauty mark." A mole is harmless, but should be watched for changes in color, pattern, size, and contour Freckle: flat, melanized patches of skin |
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Name the 3 types of hair and where they are found |
Lanugo: fine, downy, unpigmented hair found on fetus. Vellus: fine, unpigmented hair, 2/3 of hair on women, 1/10 of hair on men, all hair of children's except eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp Terminal: coarse, pigmented hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp. After puberty found in axillary region, pubic, male facial hair, trunk and limbs |
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What are the 3 zones along the length of hair? |
Bulb Root Shaft |
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What is the hair follicle, where is it found? |
Diagonal tube extending in dermis or as deep as hypodermis. Associated with nerve fibers, or hair receptors that respond to hair's movement. Ex: you feel their effect by touching the hair on you arm without touching your arm. |
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What are the 3 steps in the hair cycle? |
1. Anagen (cells divide) 2. Catagen (club hair forms) 3. Telogen (rest phase) |
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Name the 3 parts of the nail |
Nail plate: includes the free edge, nail body, nail root Nail fold: the skin above the root rises a bit above the nail as a nail fold, separated by a nail groove Nail bed: includes the hyponychium, nail matrix, lunule, eponychium (underneath the nail) |
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What is the eponychium, where is it found? |
Cuticle. Found in the nail bed. |
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Describe apocrine glands |
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands. Found in groin, anal region, axilla, areola, beard. Produce sweat with many fatty acids. Bacterial metabolism of the fats causes odor. |
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Describe merocrine (eccrine) glands |
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands. Especially abundant on palms, soles, and forehead. Produce watery perspiration to cool body. |
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Describe the importance of myoepithelial cells |
contractile cells that squeeze sweat up the ducts. Without them we would retain sweat. |
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Describe sebaceous glands |
Produce oily secretion called sebum. Usually open into hair follicle, preventing brittle hair and nails. |
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Where are ceruminous glands found? |
The auditory canal (external ear). Produce cerumen (ear wax). |
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Describe what happens to the aging integumentary system |
Senescence - age related degeneration of the integumentary system. Hair grays and thins due to melanocyte stem cells dying out and mitosis slowing down (dead hairs not replaced). Atrophy of sebaceous glands. Skin becomes thinner and more translucent. Skin a blood supply - fewer and more fragile blood vessels Thermoregulation - vulnerability to hypothermia and heat stroke |
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Name the 3 types of skin cancer |
Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma |
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Describe first-degree burns |
Considered partial-thickness burns. Only epidermis affected, usually localized. Ex. sunburn |
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Describe second-degree burns |
Considered partial-thickness burns. Epidermis and part of dermis affected. May damage hair follicles, nerve endings, and cutaneous glands. Ex. severe sunburns and scalds |
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Describe third-degree burns |
Considered full-thickness burns. Epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed. May require skin-grafting |
