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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Soma |
Cell body of neuron |
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What is the soma composed of? |
Nucleus Organelles |
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Where is the soma located in the CNS? |
Gray matter |
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Where is the soma located in the PNS? |
Ganglia |
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What do dendrites do? |
Increase surface area for receiving signals and messages |
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Where are dendrites located? |
they extend off the soma |
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Axon |
main axis nerve fiber |
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Where are axons located? |
axon hillock |
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Where are axons located in the CNS? |
white matter |
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Where are axons located in the PNS? |
nerves |
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Myelin |
wrapping of cell membranes which are fatty/lipid increases action potential speed |
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Neuroglia |
supporting cells outnumber neurons by 10 to 1 |
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Neuroglia in the CNS |
astrocytes microglial cells ependymal oligodendrocyte |
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Neuroglia in the PNS |
Schwann Cells Satellite |
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Astrocytes |
"star cells" most common CNS cell brace and support neurons and blood vessels blood brain barrier |
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Microglial Cells |
"small supporting" moveable phagocytes defend and clean up damaged cells |
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Ependymal Cells |
"put on/over" line fluid filled cavities in brain and spinal cord epithelium with cilia |
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Oligodendrocyte |
"cell with a few branches" processes/projections to form CNS myelin |
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Multiple Sclerosis |
"many scars" autoimmune disease against CNS myelin |
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Schwann Cells |
multiple small single cells wrap their membranes along axon may also support/surround multiple unmyelinated axons |
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Satellite Cells |
surround/support somas in ganglia |
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Sensory Neurons |
neurons go to CNS most are unipolar |
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Motor Neurons |
neurons come from CNS all are multipolar |
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Interneurons/Association Neurons |
in CNS >99% |
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Voltage |
separation of charged particles (Na+ and K+ across membrane) |
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Resistance |
Hinder flow of charged particles overall flow of membrane |
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Current |
actual flow of charged particles |
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Ohm's Law equation |
current=voltage/resistance |
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Leakage ion channels |
open |
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Gated ion channels |
open or closed |
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Ligand/Chemical gated ion channel (ex) |
Ach gated ion channels |
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voltage gated ion channels |
change in membrane charge |
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mechanically gated ion channels |
stretch membrane - opens channels ex. touch receptor |
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Is there more Na+ inside or outside a Na+K+ATP Pump? |
outside |
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Is there more K+ inside or outside a Na+ K+ ATP Pump? |
Inside |
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Inside Negative |
Neurons are around -70mV |
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Why does Inside Negative occur? |
at rest the membrane is more permeable to K+ than Na+ K+ flows out until it reaches equilibrium and stops flowing around -70mV K+ is 45 times more permeable |
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Graded (local) Potentials |
a localized change in the charge across membrane |
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What happens during a graded (local) potential? |
stimulus to cell induces ion channels to open ions diffuse across membrane at current sink charge/potential across membrane |
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What happens when a Na+ channel opens during a graded potential? |
Na+ goes in, cells becomes less negative depolarization |
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What happens when a K+ channel opens during a graded potential? |
K+ goes out, cell becomes more negative hyperpolarization |
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What happens when a Cl- channel opens during a graded potential? |
Cl- goes in, cell becomes more negative hyperpolarization |
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What happens when a Ca++ channel opens during a graded potential? |
Ca++ goes in, cell becomes less negative depolarization |
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What happens if there is a bigger stimulus during a graded (local) potential? |
more ions diffuse/flow... larger change |
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What happens if there is a smaller stimulus during a graded (local) potential? |
fewer ions diffuse/flow... smaller change |
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Local Potential |
one part of membrane |
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Decremental Potential |
charge decreases as you move away from stimulus |
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Reversible Potential |
ions may diffuse away pumps Na+ K+ ATP pump resting membrane potential |
