A & P Ch 2

Front 1

atom

Back 1

the smallest particles of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element

Front 2

Matter

Back 2

anything that occupies space and has mass

Front 3

element

Back 3

the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties.

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atomic number

Back 4

# of protons in ea. atom of an element

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mass #

Back 5

the # of protons plus the # of neutrons in ea. atom of an element.

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protons

Back 6

positive charge

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neutron

Back 7

neutral charge

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electron

Back 8

negative charge

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isotopes

Back 9

2 or more forms of the same element that have the same # of protons & electrons but different # of neutrons

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ion

Back 10

a charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons & the # of protons & electrons is no longer equal.

Front 11

cations

Back 11

postively charges ions

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anions

Back 12

negatively charged ion

Front 13

Chemical bonding

Back 13

occurs when the outtermost electron are transferred or shared between atoms.

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3 catogories of chemical bonds

Back 14

ionic bond

covalent bond

metallic bond

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ionic

Back 15

bond

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isotopes

Back 16

2 or more forms of the same element that have the same # of protons and electrons but a different # of nuetrons

Front 17

ion

Back 17

a charge particle forms when a atom either atom losses or gains electrons and the # of protons are no longer equal to the # of electrons. A charge particles

Front 18

cations

Back 18

positive charge

Front 19

anion

Back 19

negative charge

Front 20

chemical bonding

Back 20

outter most electron are either transfered or shared among between atoms

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reactant

Back 21

the substance that enter into as chemical reaction. (Goes into)

Front 22

convalent bonds

Back 22

when atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons

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ionic bond

Back 23

when a complete transfer of electrons occurs between 2 atoms

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metallic bonds

Back 24

when outter most electrons are equally shared among all the atoms in the sample

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chemical reaction

Back 25

when atoms, ions, and molecules, or compunds react they either form bonds or break bonds

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reactants

Back 26

the substances that enter into the chemical reaction

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products

Back 27

result from the chemical reaction

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synthesis reaction

Back 28

occur when 2 or more reactant chemically combine to form 2 or more larger products

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synthesis reactions occur by

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dehydration reaction

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dehydration reaction

Back 30

the synthesis reaction in which water is removed

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decomposition reaction

Back 31

larger reactant broken down into 2 or more smaller products

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hydrolysis reaction

Back 32

use water to break apart a bigger compound into smaller products

Front 33

anabolism

Back 33

all the synthesis reaction collectively (to get bigger)

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metabolism

Back 34

the decomposition reaction that take place in the body(breaking down your lunch, or fat stores)

Front 35

4 things that influence the rate of chemical reactions

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how the substances react to ea. other,
temp.,
concentration of the reactant,

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catalyst

Back 36

increases the rate of chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed or depleted

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enzyme

Back 37

a organic catalyst of biological orgin

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entergy

Back 38

compasty to do the work

Front 39

kenetic entergy

Back 39

entergy that does work

Front 40

potential entergy

Back 40

entergy that could do work but is not doing so

Front 41

reactant

Back 41

the substance that enters into a chemical reaction. (goes into)

Front 42

product

Back 42

the substance that results from a chemical reaction. (comes out of)

Front 43

Synthesis reaction

Back 43

when 2 or more reactants chemically combine to form a new larger product

Front 44

dehydration reaction

Back 44

synthesis reaction in which water is a product (water out)

Front 45

decomposition reaction

Back 45

a larger reaction is broken down into 2 or more smaller products

Front 46

hydrolysis reaction

Back 46

reaction that use water to split the reactant into 2 parts.

Front 47

anabolism

Back 47

synthesis reaction that occurs in the body. Growth, maintenance, & repair of the body couldn't take place without anabolic reaction.

Front 48

catabolism

ex:

Back 48

decomposition reaction that occur within the body. Ex: digestion & breaking down fat stores

Front 49

4 factors that influence the rate of chemical reaction

Back 49

how easy the sub. react with another one
concentration of reactant
temperature
presence of catalyst

Front 50

the greater the concentration of the reactant the _______ the rate @ which the chem reaction proceeds

Back 50

greater

Front 51

catalyst

Back 51

a substance that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed or depleted

Front 52

enzyme

Back 52

an organic catalyst of biological orgin

Front 53

entergy

Back 53

the capacity to do work

Front 54

potential entergy

Back 54

stored entergy that could do work but is not doing so.

Front 55

kinetic entergy

Back 55

the form of entergy that actually does work

Front 56

electric entergy

ex:

Back 56

involve the movement of ions or electrons
ex: nerve impulses

Front 57

chemical entergy

Back 57

result from the relative postion & interactions among a substance's charged subatomic particles. the entergy locked up in chemical bonds.

Front 58

mechanical entergy

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entergy resulting from the position or movement of an object

Front 59

heat

Back 59

the entergy that flow between objects that are different temp.

Front 60

what other forms of entergy can be converted to heat entergy?

Back 60

all

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inorganic chemistry

Back 61

deals with those substances that don't contain carbon

Front 62

organic chemistry

Back 62

study of carbon containing substances

Front 63

how much of the human body is water?

Back 63

about 2/3

Front 64

what % of the plasma portion of the blood is water?

Back 64

92%

Front 65

what 2 properties do water have that suited for the function of living organisms?

Back 65

physical properties

chemical properties

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acid

Back 66

a proton donor

Front 67

base

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a proton acceptor

Front 68

pH scale

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the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Front 69

what is the pH of water?

Back 69

pH7 ir neutral

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salt

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compound caused by an interaction of an acid & base in which the hydrogen ion of the acid is replaced by the positive ions of a base.

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buffer

Back 71

compounds that resist changes in solution pH when either acids or bases are added.

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carbohydrates are made of......

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made primarily from carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms

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carbohydrates are used for......

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used for quick entergy & short term entergy storage

Front 74

monosaccharides

ex:

Back 74

"one sugar" the building blocks of larger carbohydrates

ex:glucose

Front 75

disaccharide

ex:

Back 75

composed of 2 simple sugars bound together through a dehydration reaction
Ex: sucrose

Front 76

2 examples of sucrose

Back 76

glucose

fructose

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polysaccharide

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consist of many monosaccharides bound together to form long chains.

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example of a polysaccharide

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glycogen

Front 79

a polysaccharide found in animals

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glycogen

Front 80

2 polysaccharide found in plants

Back 80

starches

cellulose

Front 81

isomers

Back 81

molecules that have the same # & types of atoms but differ in their 3-dimensional arrangement

Front 82

lipids

Back 82

structures such as fats & oils.
they don't dissolve in water.