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411 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bones ability to resist tension comes from?
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Collagen
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What is the structural component of spongey bone?
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Trabeculae
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What is the primary 3 functions of bone?
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Support
Movement Protection |
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The mobile joints of the body are called?
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Diarthrosis or Synovial joints
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The interosseus membrannes are found between what bones?
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Ulna & Radius
Tibia & Fibula |
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The growth plate of a bone is called what?
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Synchondrosis
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Which muscle type has long nucleated cells?
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Striated skeletal muscle
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The perimecium is made up of what kind of connective tissue?
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Dense irregular
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What is the connective tissue that surrounds a single muscle cell?
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Endomysium
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Tendon tissue is a continuation of what part of the bone?
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Periosteum
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What is the 1st chemical/molecule necessary for muscle contraction?
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Calcium
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A motor unit is comprised of muscle cells and what?
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Motor Neuron (nerve)
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Your ears are superficial to which bone of the skull?
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Temporal
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The vertebral column articulates with what?
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Occiput
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Which suture separates the frontal and parietal bones?
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Coronal
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Your ribs attach to which region of the vertebral column?
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Thoracic
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What kind of curve is found in the lumbar region of the vertebral column?
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Lordotic
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What is the part of the vertebral column between the spinous and transverse processes?
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Lamina
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What is the most lateral muscle of the erector spinae group?
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Iliocostalis
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What is the deepest muscle of the vertebral extensors?
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Suboccipitals
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Does spinalis attach near the os coxae?
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NO
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What muscle travels deep to the zygomatic arch?
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Temporails
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What is the function of the transverse abdominus?
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Compression of abdomen
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What muscle is the subvertebral of the abdominal wall?
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Psoas major
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What is the function of Longus colli?
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Flex cervical vertebrae
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What is muscle associated with smiling?
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Zygomaticus major
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What muscles are involved with forced breathing?
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Scalenes
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What muscle of the abdominal wall exaggerates the lordotic curve?
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Psoas Major
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What muscle is responsible for quiet breathing?
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Diaphragm
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What is the deepest muscle of the lateral abdominal wall?
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Transverse Abdominus
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Name all the vertebral extensor muscles from superficial to deep including their respective muscle group.
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Spinotransverse Muscles
a) Splenius Capitus b) Splenius Cervicus Erector Spinae a) Iliocostalis b) Longissimus c) Spinalis Transversospinalis a) Semispinalis b) Multifidus Suboccipitals |
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Name the ventral muscle of the cervical body wall.
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Hyoid muscles
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Name the lateral muscle of the cervical body wall.
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Scalene Muscles
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Name the Subvertebral muscle of the cervical body wall.
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Longus colli
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Name the ventral muscle of the thoracic body wall.
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Sternalis
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Name the lateral muscle of the thoracic body wall.
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Intercostals
Diaphragm |
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Name the subvertebral muscle of the thoracic body wall.
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Longus colli
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Name the ventral muscle of the abdominal body wall.
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Rectus abdominus
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Name the lateral muscle of the abdominal body wall.
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External oblique
Internal oblique Transverse oblique Quadratus lumborum |
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Name the subvertebral muscle of the abdominal body wall.
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Psoas Major
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Scapular muscles attach the scapula, clavical and ____________ .
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Axial skeleton
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What bony landmark is continual with the lateral margin and spine of the scapula?
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Acromian
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The head of the humerous atriculates with what?
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Glenoid cavity of the scapula
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Which bone is medial to the radius?
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Ulna
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The head of the radius articulates with what?
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Capitulum of the humerous
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Deltoid tuberosity is on what side of what?
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Lateral side of the humerous
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What 3 muscles attach to the corocoid process of the scapula?
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Biceps brachii
Pectoralis minor Corocobrachialis |
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What muscle attaches to the medial margin of the scapula and T2-T5 of the V.C.
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Rhomboidius Major
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How do you stretch corocobracialis?
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Extend the shoulder
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What are the attachments of Supraspinatous?
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Supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerous
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To which section of the spine does levator scapula attach?
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Cervical
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What muscle is immediately inferior to the scapula?
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Subclavius
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What muscle group is infraspinatous a member?
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Rotator Cuff (SITs)
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What muscle group is pectoralis major a member?
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ITG group (Intertubercular groove)
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The rotator cuff muscles all attach to the scapula and what 2 other bony landmarks?
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The great and lesser tubercle of the humerous
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What is the action of supraspinatous?
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Abduction of the shoulder
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What muscle medially and laterally rotates the shoulder?
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Deltoid
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Describe how to stretch triceps brachii.
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Flex elbow and flex shoulder
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Which muscle flexes the shoulder AND the elbow?
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Biceps brachii
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Which muscle attaches at lateral margin of the scapula and greater tubercle of the humerous?
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Teres Minor
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What muscle lies superficial to Levator Scapulae?
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Trapezius
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Where does subscapularis insert?
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Lesser tubercle of the humerous
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What is the insertion of Latissimus dorsi?
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Intertubercular groove (ITG)
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What muscle forms the anterior wall of the axially space?
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Pectoralis Major
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Which muscle attaches to transverse process of C1-C4 and the superiour angle of the scapula?
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Levator scapulae
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Can latissimus dorsi medially rotate the shoulder?
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YES
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Can corocobrachialis flex the elbow?
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NO
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What bony landmark separates the greater and lesser sciatic notch of the os coxae?
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Ischial spine
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What is the common attachment site of the posterior antebrachial muscles?
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Lateral epichondyl of the humerous
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What is the muscle group that controls the pinky?
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Hypothenar
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Tendons of the anterior antebrachial muscle group pass though what compartment?
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Carpal Tunnel
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What three bones comprise the os coxae?
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Ischium, Illium, Pubis
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What is the long bony landmark on the postier side of the femur?
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Linea Aspera
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The adductor tubercle is at the distal end of what bone?
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Femur
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The head of the femur articulates with what?
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Acetabulum of the os coxae
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Using anatomical terms describe the location of the greater trochanter?
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Proximal & Lateral aspect of the femur
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What bony landmark is located on the anterior side of the tibia?
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Tibial tuberosity
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What bony landmark is at the distal end of the fibula?
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Lateral malleolus
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What is the common attachment of the deep hip rotator muscle group?
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Greater Trochanter of the femur
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What muscle originates between the inferior and anterior gluteal lines?
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Gluteus Minimus
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Can gluteus maximus laterally rotate the hip?
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YES
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Can gluteus maximus abduct the hip?
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YES
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What is the primary function of Psoas Major?
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Hip flexion
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Can pectineus flex the hip?
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YES
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What 2 joints do gracilis cross?
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Hip and knee
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Where does Tensor Fascia Latae insert?
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Iliotibial (IT) Band
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How woulod you stretch pectineus?
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Abduct the hip
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What is the common origin of the posterior thigh muscle group?
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Ischial Tuberosity
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What muscle attaches to both the femur and the fibula?
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Biceps femoris
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What 3 muscles attach at the pes anserine?
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Sartorious
Semitendonosous Gracilis |
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What muscle is deep to rectus femoris?
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Vastus intermedius
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What is the common action of the quadriceps?
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Knee extension
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Which quadriceps muscle attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) ?
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Rectus femoris
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Where does vastus lateralis originate?
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Lateral aspect of linea aspera of femur
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What is the action of fibularis (peronious) brevis?
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Eversion
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What are the 2 actions of gastrocnemius?
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Plantar flexion and knee flexion
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What muscle lies anterior to plantaris?
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Soleus
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What muscle is deep to fibularis (peronious) longus?
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Fibularis (peronious) brevis
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What is the common action of the anterior crus muscle conpartment?
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Dorsal flexion
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Does tibialis anterior attach to the calcaneous?
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NO
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What muscle is found on the floor of the popliteal space?
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Popliteus
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The sciatic nerves generally passes between what 2 muscles?
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Piriformis and Superior Gemellus
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The fulcrum, or pivot on a level represents what?
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Joint
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The inforce of a level typically represents what?
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Muscle
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The most mobile joints hoave how many degrees?
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3 degees
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What do the muscle fibes do duing concentric contraction?
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Shorten
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How do you stretch sartorious?
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Extend the hip and extend the knee
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What class of level has the fulcrum in the middle?
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Class 1
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What class level has the load that is being acted upon in the middle?
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Class 2
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What type of lever has the muscle in the middle?
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Class 3
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What class lever provides for the most power?
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Class 2
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What class lever provides for the most speed?
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Class 3
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What type of lever provides best balance?
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Class 1
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Anterior is to posterior as Medial is to, what?
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Lateral
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Which organelle packages protien for secretion?
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Golgi Complex
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The crus is distal to, what?
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Thigh
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What organelle contains DNA?
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Nucleus
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What organelle recycles materials within the cell?
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Lysosomes
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What organelle detoxifies the cell?
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Peroxisomes
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ATP production in cytosol without oxygen is called what?
|
Glycolosis
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List the 4 basic tissues.
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Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue Muscle Tissue Epithelial Tissue |
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What tissue protects from friction and abrasion?
|
Stratified squamous epithelium
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What epithelial tissue is comprised of many layers?
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Stratified squamous
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Which connective tissue is fluid?
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Blood
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Why is cartilage slow to heal?
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It is avascular
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What is the property of dense regular connective tissue?
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Strong in one direction
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What type of cartilage is ideal for shock absorption?
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Fibrocartilage
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The dermis is comprised of what type of connective tissue?
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Dense irregular
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Dead, flat keratinocytes are found in what layer of the epidermis?
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Corneum
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Which layer of the integument is avascular?
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Epidermis
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Which gland produces the stinky sweat?
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Apocrine
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Which gland produces the watery sweat?
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Eccrine
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Which gland produces a lubricating, moisturizing and waterproofing sweat?
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Sebaceous
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Fascia is made up of what kind of tissue?
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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What articular cartilage covers compact bone?
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Periosteum
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What gives a bone its ability to resist compression?
|
Hydroxyapatite
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The medial malleolus is found on what bone?
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Tibia
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Which type of joint is found between the pubic bones?
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Symphosis
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Periosteum is a continuation of which part of a joint?
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Fibrous membrane
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What type of muscle is found only in the heart?
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Striated cardiac
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What chemical initiaties muscle contraction?
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Calcium
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During muscle contraction, myocin reacts with, what?
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Actin
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Name the intermediate muscle of the erector spinae group.
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Longissimus
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Name the bone that forms the forehead.
|
Frontal
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Name the bone that houses the lower teeth.
|
Mandible
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Which muscle group is part of forced breathing?
|
Scalenes
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What muscle is superficial to the corotid artery?
|
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
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What is the primary function of the lateral body wall muscles of the thorax?
|
Breathing
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What muscle is used when frowning?
|
Depressor angulii oris
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What is the function of the ventral cervicle body wall muscles?
|
Speaking & swallowing
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Does iliacus attach to the ribs?
|
NO
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Subclavius lies ____________ to the clavicle.
|
Inferior
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Most superficial muscle of the upper back?
|
Trapezius
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Most superficial muscle of the low back?
|
Latissimus dorsi
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All scapular sling muscles originate on the, what?
|
Axial skeleton
|
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Is supraspinatous a part of the scapular sling muscles?
|
NO
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What are the 3 muscles of the ITG group?
|
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis Major Teres Major |
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Which scapular sling muscle does upward rotation of the scapula?
|
Serratous Anterior
|
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What is the only action that the deltoids do not do?
|
Adduction of the shoulder
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Does brachialis flex the shoulder?
|
NO
|
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What is the common attachment of the anterior antebrachial muscles?
|
Medial Epichondyl of the humerous
|
|
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What muscle group controls the thumb?
|
Thenar
|
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What is the origin of vastus medialis?
|
Medial aspect of the linea aspera of the femur
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Common attachment of the medial thigh compartment?
|
Pubic bone
|
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Common action of the posterior thigh compartment?
|
Knee flexion
|
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What muscle group does eversion?
|
Peronials (Fibularis)
|
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What type of contraction involves the muscle fibers remaining the same length?
|
Isometric
|
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What are the 2 basic divisions of the nervous system?
|
Central
Peripheral |
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What part of a neuron carries the signal to the cell body?
|
Dendrites
|
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The gap between the myelinated segments of the axon is called?
|
Nerve fiber node
|
|
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Which ventricle is found in the right cerebral hemisphere?
|
Lateral
|
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Cerebral Spinal Fluid circulates through what space?
|
Subarachnid space
|
|
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Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column through what?
|
Intervertebral foramen
|
|
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Which transducers are responsible for taste?
|
Chemoreceptors
|
|
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What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
|
Rest & Digest
|
|
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What area of the brain is responsible for initiaing voluntary muscle movements?
|
Cerebrum
|
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The middle and inner ear are within which bone?
|
Temporal
|
|
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What is the outer layer of epithelium of the eye called?
|
Conjunctiva
|
|
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Which hormone triggers suger to move into cells?
|
Insulin
|
|
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What is the function of the bones of the inner ear?
|
Amplify sound
|
|
|
Which organ is posterior to the stomach?
|
Pancreas
|
|
|
Is the pancreas both an endocrina and exocrine gland?
|
YES
|
|
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What is the space between cells & vessels called?
|
Interstitial space
|
|
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In which tissue do you find thrombocytes?
|
Blood
|
|
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Leukocytes are responsible for what?
|
Immunity
Defense & Repair |
|
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Which type of vessel has valves?
|
Veins
|
|
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Which valve keeps blood from passing back into the right ventricle ?
|
Pulmonary valve
|
|
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What is the extracellular matrix of blood called?
|
Plasma
|
|
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Which layer of a blood vessel contains smooth muscle?
|
Tunica Media
|
|
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Which vessel is known as the exchange vessel?
|
Capillaries
|
|
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What structure lies between the lungs?
|
Heart
|
|
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What tissue lines the trachea?
|
Pseudo-stratified columnar cilliated epithelium
|
|
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What structure separates the Oral and Nasal cavities?
|
Hard palette
|
|
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What is the common passageway for air and food?
|
Pharynx
|
|
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Which salivary gland is anterior to the ear?
|
Parotid
|
|
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Name the 3 salivary glands.
|
Parotid
Submandibular Sublingual |
|
|
What is the function of the large intestine?
|
Absorb water & package feces
|
|
|
Where are gastric rugae located?
|
Stomach
|
|
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What are the folds in the tunica mucosa of the small intestine called?
|
Circular folds
|
|
|
The pancreas connects to what part of the small intestine?
|
Duodenum
|
|
|
What 3 structures pass through the diaphragm?
|
Aorta
Esophagus Inferior Vena Cava |
|
|
What structure carries urine outside the body?
|
Urethra
|
|
|
How often during the day is urine produced?
|
All day long.
|
|
|
Filtration of blood in the kidneys occurs between the glomerus and, what?
|
Glomeral Capsule
|
|
|
Where is sperm formed?
|
Seminiferous tubules
|
|
|
What carries the sperm from the testes to the prostate?
|
Ductus deferens
|
|
|
What structure is posterior to the prostate?
|
Rectum
|
|
|
Which gland produces pre-ejeculate?
|
Bulbourethral gland
|
|
|
In females, what structure lies posterior and superior to the bladder?
|
Uterus
|
|
|
What is the myometrium of the uterus made of?
|
Smooth muscle
|
|
|
What part of the uterus connects to the vagina?
|
Cervix
|
|
|
What carries the electrical signal away from the cell body of a neuron?
|
Axon
|
|
|
What type of cell wraps around the neurons of the central nervous system to form a myelin sheath?
|
Oligodendrocyte
|
|
|
What type of cell wraps around the neurons of the peripheral nervous system to form a myelin sheath?
|
Neurolemmocytes
|
|
|
What is the function of myelin sheaths around neurons?
|
Speed up the nerve signal
|
|
|
Chemicals released at the synapse are called?
|
Neurotransmitters
|
|
|
Which neuron is capable of the fastest transmission speeds?
|
Bipolar
|
|
|
Which neuron hass a cell body that is not inline with the dendrites and axon?
|
Unipolar
|
|
|
Before being released at the synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in, what?
|
Synaptic vesicles
|
|
|
List 4 types of mechanoreceptors.
|
Light touch
Pressure Pain Proprioception |
|
|
Thye general function of transducers is to do what?
|
Change energy from one form into another.
|
|
|
Afferent nerve pathways conduct impules, where?
|
To the central nervous system
|
|
|
In the central nervous system, synapses occur primarily in, what?
|
Gray matter
|
|
|
Which element of the central nervous system is responsible for smooth and coordinated movement?
|
Cerebellum
|
|
|
Which part of the spinal nerve crosses the transverse process?
|
Dorsal ramus
|
|
|
Which cranial nerve is the great nerve of general sense from the face?
|
Cranial nerve V
|
|
|
Name 2 components of a simple segmented spinal reflex.
|
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron |
|
|
After passing through the lens, light is focused onto the, what?
|
Retina
|
|
|
The color transducers of the eye are called, what?
|
Cones
|
|
|
Name the structure of the eye that contains muscle to control the amount of light entering the eye.
|
Iris
|
|
|
Dialation of the pupil is controlled by what system?
|
Sympathetic nervous system
|
|
|
Which division of the ear is responsible for balance?
|
Internal ear
|
|
|
The pharyngotympanic, or auditory tube runs between the pharynx and, what?
|
Middle ear
|
|
|
Primary tympanic membrane separates the middle ear from, what?
|
External ear
|
|
|
Which division of the inner ear is responsible for hearing?
|
Cochlea
|
|
|
The olfactory epithelium is located where?
|
Ceiling of the nasal cavity
|
|
|
Which gland regulates metabolism?
|
Thyroid
|
|
|
Which gland is involved with circadian rhythms?
|
Pineal
|
|
|
Which gland produces epinepherine?
|
Adrenal medulla
|
|
|
Which gland produces insulin?
|
Pancreas
|
|
|
Which gland produces cortisol?
|
Adrenal cortex
|
|
|
Which gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?
|
Pituitary
|
|
|
Which glands are immediatly inferior to the larynx?
|
Thyroid
Parathyroid |
|
|
Which gland promotes calcium uptake in the bones?
|
Thyroid
|
|
|
What is the function of insulin?
|
Decrease blood sugar
|
|
|
Blood exits the left ventricle through which valve?
|
Aortic
|
|
|
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
|
Right ventricle
|
|
|
Which blood cell helps blood to form blood clots?
|
Thrombocyctes
|
|
|
List the 4 components of the cardiovascular system.
|
Blood
Heart Vessels Lymphatics |
|
|
What structure lies anterior to the heart?
|
Sternum
|
|
|
What type of tissue makes up the inner lining of blood vessels?
|
Simple squamous epithelium
|
|
|
The blood from the superior libs enters the heart through what vessel?
|
Superior vena cava
|
|
|
Which vessel carries blood toward the heart?
|
Veins
|
|
|
Name the 4 valves of the heart.
|
Tricuspid
Pulmonary Mitral Aortic |
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Lymphatic vessels drain fluid from what space?
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Interstitial
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The thoracic lymphatic ducts drain lymph from all of the regions except, what?
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The right upper limb
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Name the 2 primary functions of the respiratory system.
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Exchange gases
Produce sound |
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The larynx lies immediately inferior to what structure?
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Pharynx
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The epiglottis is made of what kind of tissue?
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Elastic cartilage
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The hard palate is formed primary by what bone?
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Maxilla
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Air enters the pharynx through the nasal cavity, or the, what?
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Oral cavity
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Oxygen exchange occurs between the alveoli and, what?
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Pulmonary capillaries
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Newly oxygenated blood enters which chamber of the heart?
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Left atrium
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Digestion of food begins in, what?
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Oral cavity
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The pyloric sphincter if found at the end of which organ?
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Stomach
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Bile is produced by, what?
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Liver
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The digestive lining is made of what kind of tissue?
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Simple columnar epithelium
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List the segments of the small intestine.
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Duodenum
Jejunum Ileum |
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Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine by capillaries found in, what?
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Villi
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Feces move from the caecum to the, what?
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Ascending colon
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What digestive structure is lateral to the left psoas major muscle?
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Descending colon
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The spermatic cord contains what 3 structures?
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Ductus deferens
Nerves Testicular vessels |
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The tip of the penis is called, what?
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Glans
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Which structure carries the ova from the ovary to the uterus?
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Uterine tube
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What are the fingerlike projections that collect the ova released by the ovary?
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Fimbrae
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The lateral, larger, hair covered folds of skin surrounding the vagina are called, what?
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Labia majora
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Describe the Anatomical Position
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Palms facing forward
Upper limbs at sides Feet together Body upright |
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Distal is to proximal as cranial is to, what?
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Caudal
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The region of the trunk found immediately distal to the neck?
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Thorax
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What type of plane divides the body into unequal left & right parts?
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Parasagittal
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The 3 subregions of the foot are called, what?
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Tarsus
Metatarsus Digits |
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In the anatomical position the thumb is _________________ to the pinky.
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Lateral
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Tissues are combinations of what?
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Cells
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What are the microscopic building blocks with a positively charged core, a nucleus, and are surrounded by negatively charged electron cloud?
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Atoms
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What are the most abundant biological molecules in the body?
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Protiens
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Water, oxygen and carbon dioxide are all examples of what kind of molecule?
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Inorganic
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What are fatty, oily or greasy compounds found in the body called?
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Lipids
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What acts as a selective gatekeeper facilitating the movement of substances in/out of a cell?
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Cell membrane
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Mitochondria are responsible for what?
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Production of chemical energy
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What structures move material across the surface of a cell?
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Cilia
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The passive movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration is called what?
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Osmosis
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Glycolosis creates how many ATP molecules for every glucose molecule?
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2
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Epithelial tissues are classified based upon what?
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Cell shape and number of cell layers.
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Simple squamous epithelium can be described as what?
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Single layer of flat cells.
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Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for diffusion?
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Simple squamous epithelium
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Connective and supporting tissues are identified by what primary characteristic?
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Few cells and lots of extracellular matrix
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Which cell produces fibers found in the extracellular matrix of general connective tissue?
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Fibrocytes
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What element of extracellular matrix is responsible for the tensile strength in connective and supporting tissues?
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Collagen fibers
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Name the layers of integument from deep to superficial.
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Hypodermis
Dermis Epidermis |
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The epidermis and dermis combine to form what?
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Cutis
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What is the primary function of the stratum corneum?
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Protection
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the dermal papilla?
a) Anchor the epidermis to the dermis b) Improve sensation c) Production of hair follicles d) Increase surface area for exchange |
c) Production of hair follicles
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Which layer of the integument contains reticular fibers that are responsible for clevage lines?
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Dermis
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If the integument is cut, and starts to bleed, then the cut is at least as deep as, what?
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Dermis
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Padding and insulation are functions of what layer of the integument?
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Tela subcutanea
Hypodermis |
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The hair follicle is an invagination of what layer of the integument?
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Epidermis
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The arrector pili muscles perform what function?
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Raise/straighten the hair follicle
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Which cell of the integument produces protective pigment?
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Melanocytes
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Name the 3 primary types of cartilage.
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Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage Hyaline cartilage |
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What type of cartilage is smooth like glass?
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Hyaline
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Why does cartilage have a difficult time healing?
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It is avascular
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Why is cartilage considered a connective tissue?
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Few cells and lots of extracellular matrix
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What gives a bone its ability to resist tension?
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Collagen
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Osteoblasts are responsible for what?
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Laying down new bone
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Where is red bone marrow located?
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Within the spongy bone
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What is the hole that allows for vessels to traverse from outside to inside a bone?
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Nutrient foramen
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What is the most common type of joint found in the body?
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Diarthorisis (synovial)
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What are the joints between the plate-like bones of the skull called?
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Sutures
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What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?
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Hyaline
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What is the function of a bursa?
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Reduce friction between neighboring tissues
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Fibrocartilage discs found in joints are called what?
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Menisci
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What kind of muscle tissue makes up the voluntary skeletal muscles?
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Striated skeletal muscle
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What are the 3 functions of muscle?
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Movement
Support/Posture Produce heat |
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What structure connects muscle to bone?
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Tendon
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Where muscle attaches to bone, the less mobile attachment during muscle contraction is called what?
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Origin
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What is the wrapper around a group of muscle cells?
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Perimysium
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As the tendon of a muscle contacts bone, some of its collagen fibers will become part of what?
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Periosteum
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What is the thick filament within a myofibril that acts as a molecular motor, changing its shape to attach to its neighboring fiber?
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Myosin
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What is the basic functional unit of the contractile system of skeletal muscle that is defined by the region between two Z-lines or Z-membranes?
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Sarcomere
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What is responsible for exposing the binding sites on the thin filament, initiating muscle contraction?
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Calcium
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What blocks the receptor sites on the actin molecule when a muscle is in a relaxed state?
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Troponin-tropomyosin complex (TTC)
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The energy source for muscle contraction is, what?
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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What is the connective tissue that groups similarly acting muscles together called?
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Fascia
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What is the region between the transverse process and the vertebral body called?
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Pedicle
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What is the hole in a single vertebral body called?
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Vertebral foramen
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What is the most superficial muscle group of the extensor muscles of the back?
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Spinotransverse
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What muscle is immediately superficial to longissimus?
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Splenius cervicus
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Which muscle of the extensor group will perform lateral flexion and extension of the vertebral column?
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Iliocostalis
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Which is the most medial muscle of the erector spinae group?
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Spinalis
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What is the primary function of multifidus?
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Extension of the vertebral column
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What suture is located between the two parietal bones?
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Sagittal
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What two bones create the zygomatic arch?
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Zygoma
Temporal |
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C1 (atlas) articulates with which bone of the skull?
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Occipital
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What muscles are deep to the mandible?
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Medial & Lateral pterygoid
Digastricus |
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What muscles powerfully elevate the mandible?
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Masseter
Temporalis |
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What muscle wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrows?
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Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
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What is the function of platysma?
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Tightens and flares the skin of the neck
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To what bones does sternocleidomastoid attach?
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Sternum
Clavical Temporal |
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What is the primary function of rectus abdominus?
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Flexion of lumbar vertebral column
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Which muscle of the lateral abdominal body wall does not attach to the linea alba?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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What is the common function performed by the muscles of the hyoid group?
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Speaking and swallowing
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What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
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Diaphragm
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What muscle group has the potential to pinch the brachial plexus and subclavian artery?
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Scalenes
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What muscle is found in only 8% of the population?
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Sternalis
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Which scapular sling muscle is found on the anterior wall of the thorax?
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Pectoralis minor
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What 2 scapular muscles are located between the ribs and the scapula?
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Subscapularis
Serratus Anterior |
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Which muscle does not attach to the ribs?
a) Serratus anterior b) Subclavius c) Pectoralis minor d) Levator scapulae |
d) Levator scapulae
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What scapular muscle can extend the head?
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Trapezius
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How do you stretch rhomboidius major?
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Upward rotate and abduct (protract) the scapula
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All of the following muscles attach to the scapula except:
a) Pectoralis minor b) Pectoralis major c) Serratus anterior d) Deltoid |
b) Pectoralis major
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What type of rotation of the shoulder does pectoralis major perform?
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Medial
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What is the function of subscapularis?
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Medial rotation of the shoulder
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Where does Teres Major originate?
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Inferior angle of the scapula
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Which muscle forms the medial wall of the axilla?
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Serratus anterior
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How do you stretch pectoralis major?
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Laterally rotate and abduct the shoulder
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What muscle extends the elbow?
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Triceps brachii
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Name the two originations of biceps brachii.
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Coracoid process of the scapula
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula |
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What muscle of the arm crosses three joints?
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Biceps brachii
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What are the primary adductors of the scapula?
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Rhomboids
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All of the following muscles attach to the corocoid process except:
a) Biceps brachii b) Pectoralis minor c) Subscapularis d) Corcobrachialis |
c) Subscapularis
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Which muscle adducts the shoulder:
a) Deltoid b) Pectoralis minor c) Pectoralis major d) Corocobrachialis |
c) Pectoralis major
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All of the following muscles attach to the clavicle except:
a) Pectoralis major b) Trapezius c) Pectoralis minor d) Deltoid |
c) Pectoralis minor
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What is the common action of the mscles of the posterior antebrachium?
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Extension of the wrist and fingers
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What muscle both flexes and extends the shoulder?
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Deltoid
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The trochlea of the humerous articulates with what?
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Trochlear notch of the ulna
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Which muscle does not attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?
a) Tensor fasciae latae b) Inferior gemellus c) Piriformis d) Gluteus medius |
a) Tensor fasciae latae
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Which muscle attaches to the anterior surface of the sacrum?
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Piriformis
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Which of the following muscles extend the hip?
a) Obturator internus b) Piriformis c) Gluteus minimus d) Gluteus maximus |
d) Gluteus maximus
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What are the actions of tensor fasciae latae?
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Medial rotation and flexion of the hip
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Which muscle does not abduct the hip?
a) Gluteus minimus b) Gluteus medius c) Gluteus maximus d) Tensor fasciae latae |
d) Tensor fasciae latae
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What are the common actions of the deep hip rotators?
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Lateral rotation of the hip
Abduction of a flexed hip |
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What muscle is directly inferior to piriformis?
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Superior gemellus
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How do you stretch gluteus maximus?
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Flex and adduct the hip
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What two bony landmarks are found proximal to the linea aspera of the femur?
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Gluteal tuberosity
Pectineal line |
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Which muscle attaches to the transverse processes and vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae?
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Psoas major
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Psoas major and iliacus share what common attachment?
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Lesser trochanter of the femur
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Which muscle lies anterior to adductor brevis?
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Adductor longus
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The muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh share what common action?
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Adduction of the hip
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Which muscle of the medial thigh compartment is capable of hip extension?
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Adductor magnus
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Which muscle of the medial thigh compartment crosses both the hip and knee joints?
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Gracilis
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Which muscle of the posterior thigh compartment can extend the hip?
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Biceps femoris
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What muscle is immediately superior to vastus intermedius?
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Rectus femoris
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What muscle lies superficial to the common attachment site of the posterior thigh compartment muscles?
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Gluteus maximus
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Which posterior thigh compartment muscle has an attachment on the femur?
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Biceps femoris
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What is the primary action of rectus femoris?
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Hip flexion
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What is the common action of the anterior thigh compartment muscles?
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Knee extension
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What is the common attachment of the quadricep muscles?
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Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
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How do you stretch rectus femoris?
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Flex the knee an extend the hip
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Where does gastrocnemius insert?
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Calcaneous via the achilles tendon
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What muscle plantar flexes the foot and flexes the knee?
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Gastrocnemius
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Does tibialis posterior invert or evert the foot?
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Invert
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Which muscle lies superficial to plantaris?
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Gastrocnemius
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What are the functions of tibialis anterior?
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Dorsal flexion of foot
Inversion of foot |
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Which muscle of the posterior crus compartment only crosses the knee joint?
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Popliteus
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The tendons of the muscles of the lateral crus compartment pass __________ to the ___________ malleolus of the fibula.
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Posterior/lateral
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How do you stretch tibialis anterior?
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Plantar flex the foot
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Kinesiology is the science, or study of, what?
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Movement
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Which lever has the best mechanical advantage?
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Class 2
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Close packed joints form maximal or minimal contatc of joint surfaces?
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Maximal
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A joint with one degree of freedom has the most or least range of motion?
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Least
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An eccentric muscle contraction generates force as the muscle fibers, what?
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Lengthen
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