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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Joints
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any area where two or more bones meet
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what is another name for a joint?
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articulation
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what are joints classified on?
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structure and function
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What are the structural classifications?
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Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, Synovial Joints
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Fibrous joints
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composed of fibrous tissue with no cavity
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Cartilaginous joints
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articualting bones are united by cartilage and no cavity is present
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Synovial joints
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articular bones that are seperated by a fluid filled joint cavity
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Name the functional classifications
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Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses
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Synarthroses
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immovable joints
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Name some examples of Synarthroses
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sternocoastal and tibiofibular
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Amphiarthroses
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slightly moveable joints
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Name some examples of Amphiarthroses
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vertebral bodies and pubic bones
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Diarthroses
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freely moveable joints
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Name some examples of Diarthroses
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most apendicular joints
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Name the characteristics of fibrous joints
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joined by a fibrous tissue, no cavity, most immoveable and some are slightly movable
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What are the types of fibrous bones?
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sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
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Sutures
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synarthroses; contain dense fibrous connective tissue until adulthood when they ossify.
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What are sutures called when they ossify?
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synostoses
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What is an example of a suture?
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skull
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Syndesmoses
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bones are connected by a fillament sheet or cord
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Where are fibers the longest and are more resilient?
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Syndesmoses
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What are some examples of Syndesmoses?
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tibiofibluar (synarthroses) and radiounlar (amphiarthroses)
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Gomphoses
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"peg in socket" articulation of tooth with body alveolar surface; synarthroses
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periodontal ligament
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fibrous connection; found in gomphoses
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What are the characteristics of Cartilaginous joints?
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articulating cartilages united by a cartilage and they lack a joint cavity
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What are the main types if cartilginous joints?
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Synochondroses and Symphyses
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Synochondroses
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hyaline cartilage united joines at a synchondroses which are temporary joints later replaced and become synarthroses
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What are some examples of synchondroses?
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Epiphyseal plate and costal cartilage of the first rib to the manubrium of the sternum
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Symphyses
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fibrocartilage covered by hyaline cartilage; it is compressable, resilient, functionally amphiarthrotic
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Name some examples of Synphyses
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pubic symphsis and the intervertebral disks
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Name some characteristics of synovial joints
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seperated by a fluid filled cavity, found in most body joints, diarthroses
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Name the distinct features of Synovial skeleton
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Articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articlar capsule, Reinforsing ligaments
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Articular Cartilage
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Hyaline type forms a glassy smooth surface over the opposing ends of bones
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Synovial Membrane
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found at the end of the Articular cartilage and covers everything that is not hyaline cartliage
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Joint cavity
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small space containing synovial fluid
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Synovial Fluid
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Largly derived from blood; has a viscous, egg-white sonsistance; leaks out of cartilage
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What makes up Articluar Capsule?
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Fibrous Capsule and Synovial membrane
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None
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Fibrous Capsule
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made of dense regular connective tissue it strengthens the bone so it is not pulled apart
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Reinforcing Ligaments
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made of dense regular connective tissue strengthening the ligaments
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What type of Synovial joints contain fatty pads?
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Hip and Knee Joints
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Menisci
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Synovial joints that have articluar discs extending inward from the articular capsule and will divide the synovial cavity in two
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Bursae
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In Synovial joints there are supportive flattened sacs lined with synovial membrane that are fluid filled
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Where are Bursae found?
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where ligaments, muscles, and tendons overlie and rub against bone
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Tendon Sheathes
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Elongated bursae wrapping around tendons
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Name the axis of motion on Synovial Joints
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Non-axial motion, Uniaxial Motion, Biaxial motion, Multiaxial motion
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Non-Axial Motion
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Slipping Movements; normally flat
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Uniaxial Motion
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Movement in one place
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Name some examples of Uniaxial Motion
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Phalanges, radius/ulna, femur/tibia
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Biaxial Motion
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Movement in two places
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Name some examples of Biaxial Motion
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occipital bones/atlas
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Multiaxial Motion
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Movement in three or more places
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Name some examples of Multiaxial Motion
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Scapula/Humerus, Coxal Bone/femur
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Name the types of motion in synovial joints
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Gliding, Angular
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Gliding
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another name for Non-axial motion; bones displaced in relation to one another
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Name some examples of Gliding
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intercarpal, intertarsal and intervertebral
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Angular
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Changing the angle between bones
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Flexion
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bending or decreasing the joint angle
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Extention
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Streching or increasing the joint angle
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Hyperextention
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Extending the joint past its normal resting point
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Doraflection
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pointing toe toward the body
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Plantarflection
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pointing the toe
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Lateral Rotation
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leg turned out
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Medial Rotation
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Leg turned in
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Abduction
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Moving away from the midline
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Adduction
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Moving toward the midline
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Circuduction
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Conial shape
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Rotation
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turing movement of the bone around its own axis
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Supination
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Palm up
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Pronation
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Palm Down
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Inversion
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Movement of the foot medially; ankle in
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None
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Eversion
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Movement of the foot laterally; ankle out
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Protraction
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Movement of the mandible forward
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Retraction
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Movement of the mandible back in its start position
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Elevation
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Lifting a body part superiorily
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Depression
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Moving the elevated part inferiorly
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Opposition
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Touching your thum to your other fingers
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Plane Joints
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articular surface is flat and only allow for short gliding movements; gliding
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Hinge joints
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cylindrical projection of one bone protrudes into a sleeve or ring composed of bone or ligament; uniaxial
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Pivot Joints
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rounded end of the bone that protrudes into a a sleeve or ring composed of bone or ligament; uniaxial
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Condyloid Joints
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Oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another (cup) biaxial
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Saddle Joints
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each articular surface has a concave and convex area; biaxial
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Ball in Socket
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the shoerical end of one bone articulates with a cup like socket of another bone; multiaxial
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Name an example of plane joints
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intercarpal and intertarsal
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Name an example of Hinge joints
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elbow
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Name an example of Pivot joints
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radius to ulna and axis to atlas
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Name an example of Condyloid joints
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Knuckles
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Name an example of Saddle joints
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joint of the thumb
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Name an example of Ball in socket
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shlder and hip bones
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Sprain
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streching or tearing of a ligament
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Dislocation
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bones are forced out of their normal position
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Subluxation
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partial dislocation
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Bursitis
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Imnflammation of the Bursa
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Arthritis
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Inflammatory of degenerative disease of the joint where synocial membranes thicken and a fluid production decreases resulting in friction and pain
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Osteoarthritis
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degeneratice arthritis as a result of old age or wear and tear
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Autoimmune disease
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Gouty Arthritis
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uric acid accumulation
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Synovitis
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inflammation of aynovial membranes
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