A Course On Words Unit 10

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Indo-European

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* Ancestry of the English language dating back 5000 years (writing to 1500 BCE; Old English to 600 CE).
* Most (but not all) languages spoken in Europe and some in India are in this family.
* Modern families: Germanic, Celtic, Latin/Romance, Greek, Slavic, Sanskrit

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Cognates

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words that have a common ancestor

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Borrowing

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word that is borrowed directly from another language

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Savant

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Older scholar
Latin sapere “be wise” > French

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Amateur

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One who plays for the love of the activity.
Latin amator “lover” > French

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Chef

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Origin: Latin caput “head” > French

Modern: Head cook

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Protégé(e)

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Origin: Latin protego “protect” > French

Modern: A young man/woman who is assisted in his career by an influential person.

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Fiancé(e)

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Origin: Latin fidere “trust” > French fiance “trust”

Modern: An engaged man/woman.

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Raconteur

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Origin: Latin re "again” + computare “count, tell” > French

Modern: Storyteller

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Émigré(e)

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Origin: Latin emigrare “move away” > French

Modern: Man/woman who is in exile

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Beef

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< Old French boef (= modern French bœuf )

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Filial

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Latin>French

Of or pertaining to a son or daughter

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Fraternity

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Old French

The relation of a brother or of brothers; brotherhood

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Maternal

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Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin.

Of a mother

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Mutton

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French

The flesh of sheep, used as food. Cf.

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Paternal

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From French and Latin

Of or relating to a father or fathers

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Pork

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French

The flesh of a pig used as food, esp. when uncured

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Swine

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Common Germanic: Old English swín

adult male: boar, adult female: sow

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Venison

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Anglo-Normam

The flesh of an animal killed in the chase or by hunting and used as food; formerly applied to the flesh of the deer, boar, hare, rabbit, or other game animal, now almost entirely restricted to the flesh of various species of deer.