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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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When the computer is off, where is the data stored? |
on a Mass storage device, SSD or HDD |
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Where does RAM get its Programs |
The pc copies a program from the mass storage device to the ram. |
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What are the semiconductors in the RAM? |
Capacitors and transistors |
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What is the most standard ram for most computers? and since when? |
DRAM Since the 70s |
think of Daily RAM. and since the 70s |
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What are the three reasons why this DRAM is most widely used |
cost, speed and size |
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What does RAm communicate with? |
The MCC (Memory Controller Chip) |
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how many bytes does most 8088 machine language commands need? |
2 bytes |
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What was the new 8088 machine called that had a 16 bit front side bus? |
8086. and it used 2 byte wide ram |
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what was the bit data size for the 80386 CPU |
32 bit data bus |
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What size did DRAM chips come in to support for the 32 bit data bus 80386 sized cpu |
x4 x8 and x16 DRAM chips |
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Most CPUS are now how many bits? |
64 bits |
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modern DRAMS come with how many bit wide data? |
32 or 64 |
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Regarding the RAM, what does the MCC keep track of? |
the physical location of the ram,as well as the DRAM chips that make the chips work together to provide 64 bit memory rows |
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specifically? What type of DRAM do most poeple use? |
Synchornous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) |
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What does SDRAM sync up with? |
the master clock |
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What is the advantage of having the SDRAM syncing up with the master clock |
The MCC knows when data is ready to be grabbed from the SDRAM |
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When did SDRAM Come out |
1996 |
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What was the stick in which SDRAM came on |
Dual Inline Memory Module |
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What are the sized of the DIMM (pin size)? |
68 pin(Laptop) 72, 144, 168, 172 and 200 pin |
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regarding DIMM, What is a bank? |
a DIMM Slot which could fill 64 bit bus |
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how many DIMMs needed to be installed into a laptop, and why? |
Laptops needed 2 DIMMS to make a full bank because their DIMMs are 72 pin SODIMMs |
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What are the speeds of the SDRAM system? |
66 75 82 100 133 (all in MHz) |
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What is the relation between RAM speed and system speed/ |
The RAM speed had to meet or exceed the system speed |
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What CPU required more speed from SDRAMS |
intel's Pentium 4 |
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how fast is the pentium 4's frontside bus? |
400 MHz |
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Who made RDRAM, what does it stand for |
Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. created by Rambus |
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what was the speed capacity of RDRAM |
800 MHz |
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How was making a CPU faster possible |
by sending 64 bits of data 2 or 4 times every clock cycle |
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What does DDR SDRAM mean? |
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory |
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What was DDR SDRAM relationship to RDRAM. how did the two differ? |
DDR SDRAM and RDRAM both made 2 processes for every clock cycle but DDR SDRAM wasn't as fast. |
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What size DIMMs did DDR come on? (pins) how did it relate to the 168 pin DIMM size |
184 pin DIMM it matched dthe 168 pin dimm size, but ot the compatibility |
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What is the laptop version of DDR |
200 pin SO DIMM or 172 pin micro DIMM |
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how to determine DDR speed? othe Bytes per second of data throughput? |
Take the speed of the clock x 2 (DDR speed rating) and x that by 8 EX 100 MHz x 2= DDR 200 ddr 200 x 8 = PC 1600 (MBps |
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What is dual - channel architecture? |
when you use 2 sticks of RDRAM to increase thoughtput |
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can you use Dual Channel Architecture on DDR ram? |
if the mobo has an MCC that supports the feature |
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What does Dual Channeling require? |
twin sticks of ram that snap into paired memory slots |
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How is DDR2 better than Standard DDR RAM? |
the electrical characteristics are bettr - it runs faster, with less power |
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how is DDR2 faster than DDRAM? |
double clocking i/o circuits, as well as adding buffers (aka caches) |
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how many pins does DDR2 have? |
240 pins |
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how much more efficient is DDR3 compared to DDR2? |
Higher speeds, and better architecture, around 30 percent lower power consumption |
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How many pins is DDR3 ram? |
240 pin DIMM, but it's slotted differently than DDR2 |
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how many pins does the more portable SO-DIMM ddr3 have? |
204 DiMM |
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how much does DDR3 double the buffer of DDR2 (in bits) |
4 to 8 bits |
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WHat is XMP on DDR3 and what does it do? |
Extended Memory Profile. It allows users to overclock the RAM |
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What is Tripple channel or quad channel architecture? |
using three or four sticks of ram. |
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What is DDR3L? |
A low voltage version of DDR3 |
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how much voltage does DDR3L run compared to conventional DDR3? what percentage is the cost effectiveness? |
DDR3L runs at 1.35V compared to 1.5 or 1.65 of regular DDR3 saving up to 15% |
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What is DDR3U and what is its voltage |
DDR3 Ultra, which runs at 1.25 V |
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When was DDR4 introduced? |
late 2014 |
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in theory, what is the GB ceilling manufactures can make DDR4 |
512 GB |
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How many GBs does DDR4 normally peak out at? and at what power rating? |
16 GB (like DDR3) but only use 1.2 V |
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What are the voltage variations of the DDR4? |
1.35v and 1.05v |
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how many pins does the DDR 4 DIMM and SO-DIMM have? |
260 pins for DIMM and 204 pins for SO-DIMM |
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What is RAMS latency? |
The delay in RAMs response time. |
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Regarding Latency. what does "CL" mean? ex CL6 |
Clock cycle delays Ex: the memory delays six clock cycles before delivering the requested data (the lower the better) |
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What is Parity RAM? |
it is Error detecting RAM. sometimes ram doesn't give an accurate byte. |
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how does parity ram work? |
by storing an extra bit of data (Parity bit) that the mcc used to verify the data is correct |
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What is ECC RAM? |
Error correction code random access memory |
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what is the function of ECC RAM |
first: detects if a single bit is incorrect Second: Fixes the errors on the fly. |
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What is the disadvantage of having ECCRAM |
it is almost always slower than NON ECC RAM |
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how many bits does ECC RAM have? |
72. 64 bits for ram, 8 bits for ecc |
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What is Buffered RAM? |
a small register installed on some memory to act as a buffer between DIMM and memory controller |
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what does the register do in the buffered ram? |
the circuitry helps compensate for electrical problems that occur in systems with lots of memory modules. |
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What are two symptoms that can be solved with more ram? 165 |
General System sluggishness and excessive hard drive accessing. |
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What happens if a system runs out of RAM and what is this calld?165 |
the system will used the hard drive (or mass storage device) called virtual memory |
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What is a page file |
it is what is created by virtual memory. it works like a temperary storage box. |
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how do programs from the page file load? |
The operating system chooses a program to be removed from RAM, since the program cannot be loaded from the page file. the os then swaps the chosen program, and the program needed |
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What is the page file name under C:? |
pagefile.sys. |
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What is disk thrashing? |
when windows (o.s.) rushes to move programs between RAM and the page file |
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What was the standard for ram before windows vista? |
128 MB of RAM |
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What is the bare minimum RAM required for 32 and 64 bit windows? |
1 GB of ram for 32 bit windows 2 GB of ram for 64 bit windows |
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how much ram does Mac OS X require? |
2 gb of ram minimum |
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Where does windows display how much RAM it has? |
in the System Control Panel 170 |
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what is readyboost 171 |
this enables you to use flash media devices, like thumb drives, as super fast dedicated virtual memory. |
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how many flash devices can windows 7 handle how many can vista handle? |
up to 8 flash devices For windows 7 only one for windows vista |
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what is the GB capacity that windows seven can support 171 |
up to 32 GBs |
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How many Pins and notches does SDRAM have? |
168 pin dimm, with two notches |
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What's the pin count for DDRSDRAM? (Double data rate sdram) |
184 pin |
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What does DDRSDRAM do? why is it different from conventional SDRAM? |
it takes the clock speed of the system clock, and doubles it. |
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How many pins did RIMM have? |
184 pins with 2 notches |
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What is CRIMM? |
Continuity RIMM. it is used for any left over slots in your RIMM system. not memory |
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Where is ECC/Parity ram usually found? |
on big servers |
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how can you tell if you've messed up installing ram? |
1) the computer may not boot up 2) you won't see the ram you just added but you won't destroy the ram. |
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what are the two major areas of troubleshooting ram? |
installation and corrective maintenance |
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What is MTBF? how long is it for ram? |
Mean time between failures. For ram its measured in decades. |
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What are some of the symptoms of RAM failure? |
blue screen of death reboots complete freezes melting screen |
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what are two ways to begin troubleshooting ram? |
you can either replace all the ram, or memory testing tools |
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how does a tech test memory if their os is older than windows 7 |
mem test 86. mem test 86 only tests memory. |
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how does MEM test 86 give its diagnostics report? |
in hexadecimal |
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how does a tech test for problems if os is windows 7 and above? |
Control panel - administrative tools - windows memory diagnostic - reboots. |
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