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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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an atom gains or losses electrons to become stable |
ion electictly charged atom |
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positive charged ion formed when an atom losses electrons |
cation |
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neg chaged ion, formed when an atom gains electron |
anion |
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connected, membrane bound sacs canls and viscles transport sys rough er ribosomes amooth er lipid, break down drugs |
er |
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modifies packages and deliveres protein. vesicles pinch off Golgi complex an are exocytosed |
googli complex
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enzyme containing sacs digest worn out cell parts or unwanted substances |
lysosomes |
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structures similar in shape to lysosomes but re smaller and contain ezymes that use oxygen to oxidyze (break down) organic substances |
peroxisomes |
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barel shaped that destroy unneeded damaged or fault protins by cutting along protiens into smaller peptides |
proteasomes |
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cotias the cells heredteary units called genes wich are arranged in chromosomes |
nuclues |
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doule membrane seperates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm |
nuclear envelope |
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dense collection of rna and protiens, site of ribosome production |
nucleolus |
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cells chromosomes each containing dna wound around protiens fibers dna and proteins stores information forsnthesis protiens. |
chromatin |
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occurs in nucleus, process by wich genetic info encoded in DNA is coped onto a strand of RNa to direct protein synthesis |
protein synth, TRANSCRIPTION |
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occours in cytoplasm, the process of reading mrna nucleotide sequence to determine the amino acid sequence of the newly formed protein. |
protein synthesis TRANSLATION |
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is a process by which cells reproduce themselves cellcycle |
cell division |
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g1 phase s g2 phase |
interphase |
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duing prophase chromatin condenses into chromosomes |
mitotic phase; Prophase |
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during metaphase centrosomes of chromosomes line up at the metphase plate |
metphase |
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during anaphase centrosomes of chromosomes split and siter chromatid move toward oppiste poles of the cell |
anaphase |
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the mitotiv spindle dissoles chromoomes regain their chromatin appearance and a new nucler membrane forms |
telophase |
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a cleavae furrow forms and eventually the ctoplasm of the parent cell fully splits. interpase begins |
cytokenesis |
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produces daughter cells one half the # of chromosomes of prt cell. organism o produce sexually gametes sperm and eggs are haploid, involves two divsions producing total of 4 daughter cells. |
mistos vs MEIOSIS |
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produces daughter cells 2. identical o parent cell. if parent is haploid, then the daughter cell will be haploid if parent Is diploid then also daughter this type of cell d allows multicellular organism to grow and repair damaged tissue |
mitosis |
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the net movement of a solvent (water) trough selective permeable membrane from high to low concentration |
osmosis |
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movement of water trough selectively permeable membrane from regions of higher concentrations to regions of lower conentration water move toward a higher concentration of solutes |
osmosis |
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guides protein formation |
rna riboculeic acid uracil single stranded |
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froms genetic code regultates most of cell activities |
dna dthymidine double strded |
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loose, dense, cartiliage, bone and blood |
connective tissue |
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regulates body tmp, stores blood, protects body, detects cutnaues senatons, excrtes and absorbs substnces, synthazises vit d |
integumentary system |
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stem cells site of mitosis |
stratum basale |
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contain projections of epidermal cells |
stratum spinosum |
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cells begin to degenerate |
straum granulosum |
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only present in thick ski |
stratum lucidum |
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rows dead of keratinocytes |
stratum corneum |
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tought fiberous protein provides protection |
keratinocytes |
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involved in immune responses |
intraepidermal macrophages |
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sensation of touch |
tactitile epithtleal cells |
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layers of eperdimis
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stratum cornuem
stratum lucidum stratum granolusm stratum spinosum stratum basale |
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increased lateral curveture
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scolioses
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increased thoratic curve bend forward
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kyphosis
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increased lumbar curve bent backwards
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lordosis
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fibrous
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No joint cavity. held together by dense fiborous
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syndesmoses
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more dense fiborous CT then suture
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gomphosis
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a broad sheet of dense fiborous ct
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allow no movement cl:joints
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synathroses
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allow little movement
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amphiarthroses
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freely moveable
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diathroses
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flat bone formation
mesenchyme sheets of connective tissue |
intramembranoses formation
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long bone formation
bone formation from a cartilage musscle |
endochondral ossification
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