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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Simple Squamous
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Flat, one layer
Exchange(diffuse), filter, secrete Blood vessels, kidney tubes, alveoli of lungs |
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Stratified Squamous
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Flat, many layer
protection from friction skin, mouth, cornea,vagina, esophagus, larnyx |
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Simple Cuboidal
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cubed, one layer
Active Transport,(facilitated diffusion, secrete) Glands- salivary, thyroid, pancreas, kidney tubules |
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Stratified Cuboidal
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cubed, many layer
protection, mucus secretion sweat glands, eyelid liner |
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Simple Columnar
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column, one layer, few ciliate
movement of particles, secretion and absorption stomach, intestines, respiratory tree, uterus |
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Stratified Columnar
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Column, many layer
protection; mucus secretion larynx, upper pharynx, male urethra- not common |
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Transitional
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change shape w/ stretching
protect and stretch ureters, urinary bladder |
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Pseudostratified
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vary length; most ciliated
change to stratified w/ stress synthesize/secrete/move mucus respiratory, male urethra |
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Syncytial
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multi-nucleated
absorption and secretion covers villi of placenta |
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Germinal
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ovary and testis
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Neuroepithelium
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sensory- contain receptors
nose, eyes, ear, tongue |
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Connective Tissue
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support, store, connect, separate, cushion, transport
Class on-cells, matrix, fibers |
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Fibroblasts
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Cells-secrete matrix and fibers
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Macrophages
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Cells- Clean up
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Adipose
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Cells-Fat Storage
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Basophils
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Cells-produce heparin(prevent blood clots) and histamine(inflamation)
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Extracellular Fiber
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Collagenous- white
Elastic- yellow Reticular-immature branched |
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Collagen
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fibrous protein, makes tissue tough
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Elastin
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Ellastic Fibers
makes tissue flexible |
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Matrix
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ground substance, hard in bone, fluid in blood
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Loose or Areolar
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general, gel matrix, mostly collagen,few elastic, widely spread fibers, fibroblasts
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Adipose Tissue
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Like loose; more adipose cells and very little matrix
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Reticular Tissue
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fine meshed network
holds organ tissue together in liver or spleen like loose w/ more fiber |
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Elastic Tissue
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Fiber- many elastin- parallel
Some Collagen and Fibroblast between walls in blood vessel vocal chords- flexible |
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Dense Connective Tissue
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much collagen and fibroblast
little matrix and elastic strength and resistance tendons, ligaments,aponeuroses |
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Cartilage
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Abundant Matrix
Cells- Chondrocytes Lacunae No blood vessels- permeable |
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Hyaline Cartilage
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General- nose, joints, respiratory passage, ribs to sternum
resist compression |
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Elastic Cartilage
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much elastin
ear, larynx, epiglottis |
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Fibrocartilage
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parallel collagen bundles
knees, pelvic girdle, vertebrae resist compression, pulling, tearing |
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Bone
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Marrow Cavity
Haversian Canal- vessels Hard, impermeable matrix Canaliculi, osteon |
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Osteo-
Blasts Cytes Clasts |
lay fiber and matrix
retired in lacunae reabsorm matrix, in cavities |
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Blood
Matrix Cells Fiber |
Matrix-plasma
Cells- leukocytes(white) Erythrocytes(red) Thrombocytes(platelets) Fiber- fibrin present only in clot formation |
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Muscle Tissue
Job Cells Types |
contracts
fiber smooth, skeletal, cardiac |
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Smooth
where what v/iv |
in walls of hollow organs
one nucleus per cell involuntary |
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Skeletal
where what v/iv |
attach to bones
multinucleated voluntary |
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Cardiac
where what v/iv |
Heart
one nucleus/branched; intercalcated disks; no fatigue involuntary |
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Nervous Tissue
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Neurons- transfer info; sensory, motor, inter; body, axon, dendrite
Glial Cells-support Bundles in connective tissue=nerve |
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Skin
Parts Function |
dermis and epidermis
protection, sensation, excretion, temp, Vit. D production |
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Temp Reg
control if wrong |
Hypothalamus controls
Hyperthermia-heat stroke; heat exhaustion Hypothermia |
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Epidermis
Where What |
outer layer or skin
stratified squamous outermost-keratin-keep out water Melanocytes-melanin-color |
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Stratum Germinativum (Basale)
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where new cells produced and pushed out
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Stratum Corneum
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Dead Cells
permeable to O2, CO2, and fat soluble stuff |
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Dermis
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Connective Tissue
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Papillary Layer
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capillaries
fingerprints loose connective tissue |
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Reticular Layer
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More Elastin and collagen
strength and elasticity |
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Subcutaneous Layer
where what |
between skin and muscle
adipose, dense or loose wrinkle when fat disappears |
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Glands
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all exocrine-secrete through ducts
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Sebacious Gland
where what |
hair follicles
oil producing black heads when oil adds up |
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Apocrine Sweat gland
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in hair follicles
underarms and genitals milky, sticky, BO from bacteria |
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Merocrine Sweat Gland
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open to pores in skin
most numerous water, salt, and waste |
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Hair
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follicle walls-epidermis; papilla-dermis
arrector pilli- muscles raise hair |
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Pathology
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Boils, blisters, viruses, fungi, acne, burns, calluses and corns
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Cancer
Basal Cell Squamous Cell Malignant Melanoma |
in basale, open sore, rare met
superficial, can met untreated rare, melanocyte, mole, met |
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Skeletal Functions
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structure, protect organs, store minerals, produce blood cell, attach muscles
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Medial
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toward midline
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Lateral
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away from midline
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Proximal
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close to trunk
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Distal
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Away from trunk
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Superior and Inferior
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Head and Foot
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Dorsal and Ventral
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Back and Tummy
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Anterior and Posterior
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Front and Back
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Pathology
sprain bursitis fracture arthritis rickets scoliosis |
connective tissue injury
bursa inflamation various breaks inflamed joint- rheum/osteo any bone infection D deficiency; osteomalacia lateral curvature of spine |
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Vertebrae
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar |
Neck
ribs lower back |
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Sacrum
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Fused Vertebrae
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Ribs
True False Floatin |
attached to sternum
attached to ribs to sternum not attached |
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Three fused bones in coxa/innominate
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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intramembranous ossification
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formation of skull bones
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Endochondrial Ossification
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bone takes over cartilage in growth plate
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Fontanels
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broad sutures in baby skull
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Fibrous Joints
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immovable
sutures-skull gomphosis-tooth syndesmosis-between bones |
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Cartilaginous Joint
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synchondroses-growth plate
Symphisis-pubic ribs meet sternum |
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Synovial Joints
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regular joints
ball and socket, pivot, ellipsoid, hinge, gliding, saddle |
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Tendon
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bind muscle to bone
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Ligament
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Binds Bone to Bone
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Muscular System
Role How Origin Insertion Action |
move bones,
antagonistic pairs movement towards bone moved movement |
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Flexion/extension
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narrow/enlarge angle
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Abduction/adduction
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away from and toward midline
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Rotation
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turning on axis
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Pronation/supination
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hands down/up
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circumduction
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movement around point
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Muscle- what
Fascicles Fibers |
organ surrounded by connective tissue
bundles of cells cells in sarcolemma |
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Motor Unit
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Motor neuron and its muscle cells
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Fibril
Make Dark Light |
made of filaments(protein) actin and myosin
actin/myosin overlap-A Actin Only- Iband w. z-lines |
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Sarcomere
Myosin Actin makeup |
contractile unit- tween 2 z
thick-lateral bristles 1/5 myo size- thin troponin and tropomyosin |
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Stimulus of Muscle
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P. 165
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Neuromuscular Junction
Acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase |
synapse tween nerve and fiber
transmitter enzyme breaks bond w ach |
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Suture
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Between Skull Bones
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Gomphosis
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between tooth and socket
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Syndesmosis
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between tibia and fibula
between ulna and radius |
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Synchondroses
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Cartilaginous Joint
Epiphyseal(growth) Plate |
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Symphysis
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Cartilaginous Joint
Pubic Symphysis |
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Most Common Use of Cartilaginous Joint
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Joint Between Ribs and Sternum
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Synovial Joint Parts
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Synovial Fluid, Joint Capsule(synovial membrane and fibrous capsule)Articular Cartilage on Bone; Bursa
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Ball and Socket Joint
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Shoulder and Hip
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Elipsoid
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Atlas and Occipital Bone, metatarsals and carpals and phalanges, radius and carpals, mandible and temporal bone
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Pivot
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atlas and axis, radius and ulna
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Hinge
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humerus, ulna, and radius
femur and tibia phalanges talus, tibia, and fibula |
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Gliding
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ribs and vertebrae, between vertebrae
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Saddle
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carpal and metacarpal of thumb
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Shoulder Joint Cavity
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Glenoid Cavity in scapula
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ATP
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Energy "currency"
Converted to ADP, gives off phosphate and energy |
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Energy Source for ATP
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Already in cell
Aerobic Respiration(1glucose plus oxygen yeilds 36 atp plus H2O and Co2) Creatine Phosphate plus ADP Anaerobic Process only 2 atp Fibers have myoglobin to store oxygen and glycogen to store glucose |
