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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are livestock unpredictable? |
They react, not think They are prey animals and we are the hunter *prey animals will not show obvious signs that they are in pain or sick |
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What is important to remember when handling livestock? |
They have good memories (can remember where food and water) so will remember aversive handling |
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What is important about prey animal social structure? |
They feel safer in a group. Size influences herding instinct i.e. big animals spread out more (except for bison) Dominant animal will go in the center of the group. Isolation is the number one stressor of livestock |
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Why is quiet handling of cows important? |
Animals hear much quieter sounds than we do so are extra sensitive to sound. The way their ears are pointing tells you where they are "looking" - shouting at cows to move them makes them move more slowly that other more physically aversive methods |
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How is livestock vision different from human/predator vision? |
They spend most of their day grazing so have monocular vision where they see 2 different images at the same time. See in a different colour scheme than us Don't like going from dark to light Rapid movement is what predators do *because of this they have depth perception that isn't great. May need to move head down to assess what the issue is |
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Why is sense of smell important? |
Sense of smell dictates identity. Can be bad i.e. cattle won't go where pigs were but can use it to get mom's to foster a baby and identify people. So it may be helpful to wear the owner's clothes when handling them. |
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What are the main motivators of livestock? |
Fear and food because they need both of these to survive |
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What are the 4 main types of behaviour identified and examples? |
Instinctual: breeding behaviour Learned: fear - if handled roughly, will remember for years Dominant aggression: bottle raised males will be nasty because they think you belong to their herd and will fight Abnormal: steer tongue rolling or cribbing |
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What is the challenging part about reconditioning animals with fear memories? |
Memory retained until animal is conditioned not to fear that thing. Easier to prevent fear than recondition animal Animals make fear imprint on something they see, smell or taste during that experience but what they make the imprint on will be different for every animal |
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What will livestock do when they become frightened? |
1. freeze and stand still 2. mill around and bunch together 3. Flee 4. Fight * most will flee before fighting |
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When animals are in an unfamiliar place they.... |
revert back to their wild instincts: flee or fight |
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What will animals do when cornered? |
Fight |
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Why is it important to let animals calm down when they are becoming frightened? |
A calm animal will let you know when they are afraid and what they are afraid of so you can fix it |
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What will make an animal feel more vulnerable? |
Being ill or injured, basically just being in stress - repeated treatments can become more difficult because illness and injury change the disposition of an animal |
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What is the primary communication source between handler and animal? |
Body language |
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What are the 4 forms of communication? |
1 - vocal 2 - olfactory 3 - visual 4 - touch |
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Categories of visual signals: |
- threat - dominance - submission - sexual - caregiving - investigative - movement |
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What parts of the body are used in visual messaging? |
stance head position neck position ear position tail position |
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What does a lowered head and neck indicate? |
Aggression in cows |
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What does a raised tail indicate in cows and bison? |
Aggression |
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What could tail flicks indicate? |
Agitation |
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What behaviours could you use to assess livestock? |
Sleeping pigs are happy pigs Cud chewing is good Teeth grinding is bad
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What signs indicated fear or distress? |
Sweating Increased urination Increased standing or lying down Trembling apprehensive behaviour panting
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Give examples of indicators of poor welfare in animal types |
Sows = bar biting Cattle = tongue rolling Layer hens = feather pecking horses = weaving/cribbing Minks/foxes = pacing Sheep = wool biting pigs = belly nosing, tail or ear biting calves = non nutrive sucking |
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Example behaviours that show an animal is injured or sick: |
little interest in food or water isolation from herd rigid standing position dsynpea doesn't move when approached licking, kicking or biting a certain spot won't settle hunched back cold/droopy ears rolls more head turned to belly when lying down |
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What are some issues related to farm animal euthanasia? |
poor welfare due to passive euthanasia lack of consistency in methods worker dissatisfaction employee retention |
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What is a "good death"? |
minimum of of pain, fear and distress immediate lack of conscious with cardiac and respiratory arrest causing loss of brain function Technical proficiency in using the equipment |
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What are some factors impacting euthanasia timeliness? |
- emotional attachment (caring/killing paradox) - socio demographic influences eg: religion - environmental factors - psychological factors - management factors |
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What are some management responsibilities? |
Hire the right people for the job set the attitude tone monitor performance provide education and training Choose good euthanasia methods |
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What type of attitude should managers have regarding euthanasia? |
Proactive approach to animal welfare and demand the same from staff * attitude is the key element in ensuring proper procedures |
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What type of training should employees have? |
classroom and handson - should be taught and tested on cadavers first - handlers become more comfortable and have a better attitude the more training they have - training gives them confidence |
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How can managers alleviate some strain on employees? |
rotate the performance of euthanasia keep communication lines open provide support for employees note employee behavioural changes |
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What are some indications for euthanasia? |
poor health disease injury loss of productivity (not growing, cost of treatment>productivity income) economics (welfare can't be compromised for this reason) safety |
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What are the 3 options for a stock person given these situations? |
Ship for meat if the animal is fit for consumption and transport treat the animal euthanasia |
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Is treatment the best option? Have to consider: |
recovery length, pain level chronic and acute, cost of therapy, health risks to other animals, |
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Which economic factors need to be considered when deciding what to do with an animal? |
cost of treatment loss of productivity during recovery potential of disease to spread cost to return animal to profitable productivity *welfare should never be compromised for economic reasons |
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Is it okay to let nature take it's course or to delay euthanasia for convenience? |
No obviously |
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How long should an animal be given to recover? |
Has to show significant improvement in 24-48 hours (national pork board) |
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Which agency is responsible for the eradication of foreign animal disease? |
CFIA Immediate action to contain a disease may be identified by provincial vet. This could include euthanasia which the producer would have to participate in. |
