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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is diagnosis of PCOS made in the absence of polycystic ovaries?
What does PCOS place women at risk for? |
-Reproductive age women
-Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion, chronic ANOVULATION, hyperandrongenism (HIRSUTISM), sclerocystic ovaries -INC'D RISK OF ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA due to high levels of E2 |
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PCOS vs Ovarian Stromal Proliferations:
Gross appearance |
PCOS: multiple small follicular cysts
Ovarian Stromal Proliferations: uniform bilateral ovarian enlargement (smooth, not cystic) |
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What is endometriosis?
Symptoms? |
Presence of endometrial glands outside uterine cavity
Syx: Chronic pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, infertility |
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Endometriotic Cyst:
Symptoms |
Chronic hemorrhage, adhesions and inflammation resulting in complex ovarian mass
Assocn w/malignancy |
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Which ovarian tumor group is most prevalent?
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Tumors arising from surface epithelial cells; 90% of these tumors are malignant!
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Which ovarian tumors originate from the surface epithelium?
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Serous
Mucinous Endometrioid Clear cell Brenner Crystadenofibroma |
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Which ovarian tumors originate from the germ cell?
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Germ cell = ovum!
Teratoma Dysgerminoma Endodermal sinus Chonocarcinoma |
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Which ovarian tumors originate from the sex cord/stroma?
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Fibroma
Granulosa-theca cell tumor Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumor |
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Which ovarian tumor is most common in women under 20? Over 20?
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Under 20: germ cell cancers
Over 20: surface epithelium cancers |
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Which ovarian epithelial tumors are considered benign? Malignant?
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Benign: cystadenoma, cystadenofibroma
Malignant: cysteadenoCARCINOMA/adenocarcinoma |
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What's an ovarian borderline tumor?
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Tumors with epithelial atypicality but without obvious stromal invasion
Warrants close clinical observation |
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What is the most common ovarian epithelial tumor?
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Serous tumor
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This ovarian tumor type is associated with BRAF/KRAS mutations.
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Low Grade Serous Carcinomas
DOES NOT RESPOND TO CHEMO |
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This ovarian tumor type is associated with BRCA1/2 mutations.
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High grade serous carcinomas
p53 overexpression/mutation assocd w/tubal intraepithelial carcinoma |
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This ovarian tumor type is associated with KRAS mutations but not p53 mutations.
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Mucinous Tumors (similar to low grade serous carcinomas)
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This ovarian tumor is associated with PTEN mutations.
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Endometrioid carcinoma
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Clinical presentation of surface epithelial ovarian tumors.
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Most pts 40-65 y/o
Non-specific syx: Abdominal pain or distention GI/UT complaints Ascites Weight loss, cachexia Progressive weakness |
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What is the most common germ cell ovarian tumor?
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Mature Cystic Teratoma--BENIGN
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This ovarian tumor recapitulates embryogenesis and development.
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Germ cell tumors
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This ovarian tumor secretes alpha-fetoprotein.
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Endodermal sinus tumor (a yolk sac tumor)
Rapid growing and aggressive! |
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What is the most common sex cord-stroma ovarian tumor?
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Fibroma
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This ovarian tumor type may secrete steroid hormones.
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Sex Cord-stromal tumors
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Levels of inhibin will be elevated in patients with this ovarian tumor type.
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Grunolosa cell tumor (a sex cord-stromal tumor)
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This tumor cell type produces virilization in young women.
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Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
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