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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amendment
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additions to the us constitution approved by 3/4 of congres
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Appalachian Mountain Range
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a mountain range in eastern north america extending north to south. formed roughly 480 million years ago
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articles of confederation
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the first doc. That governed the US. The the first constitution of the United States, on November 15, 1777
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Atlantic Ocean
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the ocean that separated europe from the colonies and triangle of trade took place in it the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about 106,460,000 square kilometres It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World"
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Bacon's Rebellion
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rebelled and threatened to burn down jamestown threw a rebellion over the crown appointed Governor William Berkeley an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon
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Battle of Saratoga
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americans won the battle which was the turning point of the war with french help
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Battle of Yorktown
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the french stopped them by water americans stopped them by land end of war
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Bear arms
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second amendment gives us the right to
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Benjamin Franklin
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an american important diplomat, printer and inventor that secured french involvement in rev. War without him we would have lost
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Bering Land Bridge
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the land crossed by the 1st native americas from asia to north america through russia
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Bicameral
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anything that is split in two ex. In our gov. Like leg
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Bill
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an idea processed by congress to become a law not a law until the president signs it.
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Bill of Rights
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first 10 amendments of the constitution that had to be placed or 3 states would not sign
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Boston Massacre
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wood engraving by paul revere
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Boston Tea Party
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sons of liberty led by sam adams to protest a tax and banishment of colonial ships on the harbor
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Bunker Hill
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one of the first battles of the war americans were low on ammo on the third 3 try to take a hill with “don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes”
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Charter Colonies
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colonies that themselves wrote the charters and was approved by the king.
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Checks and Balances
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the judicial legislative and executive branch of gov monitor each other through this system
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Climate
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trends of weather in region over time
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Coercive Acts
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the name the british gave the intolerable acts. In response to the boston tea party
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Common Defense
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in the preamble of the constitution. The gov. Responsibility to defend america. Stops other countries from attacking
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Congress
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bicameral body of the legislative that makes laws
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Constitution
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a document establishing the government and the rules of government along with the rights of the people
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Continental Army
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the army that fought the rev. War under george washington
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Crispus Attucks
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the first person to be killed by the boston massacre. Was a runaway slave
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Cultural Geography
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How groups of people respond in their environment
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Declaration of Independence
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a formal declaration of separation from england july 4th 1776 by thomas jefferson
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Declaratory Act (law)
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repealed the stamp act lessened the sugar act. Declared that all laws of the colonies were the laws of england
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Delegates
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people who represent groups of people
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Domestic Tranquility
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in preamble of constitution. This is the law that states that it is the government has to ensure peace in the states.
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Due Process
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every citizen gets the same fair treatment in the judicial system. minors don’t have it. equal protection under the law
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Duty
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importing taxes. another word for tariff.
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Economy of Middle Colonies
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farming, shipping that bridged the south and north during civil small farms making food
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Economy of Northern Colonies
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fishing, ship making, clothing, manufacturing, timber, foresting
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Economy of Southern Colonies
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large plantations using slave labor
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Electoral College
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representatives for each state voting for presidents based on how their state voted.
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Eminent Domain
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the government can take your personal property for the public good however they have to pay you market value
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Executive Branch
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the branch of government with the president has police, military, teachers, and the it is the biggest employer in the country
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Federal/Federalism
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independents governments (states) under a larger (national) government
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first thirteen colonies
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Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island
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First Continental Congress
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a meeting where reps. Of 12/13 states Met to respond to intolerable acts
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France in Revolutionary War
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they helped the colonies win the rev. war
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French and War Indian
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series of military engagements between england and france. funded by the colonies with taxes and revenue acts
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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one of the first constitutions on one of the colonies. Set down a list of 11 laws that people of connecticut had to live by
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General Cornwallis
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“this general surrendered the war and british forces at yorktown”
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General Welfare
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the gov. Has a responsibility has to try to make a good country for everybody
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George Washington
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was the head general of the continental army who later became president
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Great Awakening
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1730 and 1740 there was a revival of christianity throughout the colonies.“a religious movement that created the feeling of freedom” several periods of religious revival in American religious history.
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Great Plains
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giant grasslands between the mississippi rivers and the rockie mountains
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Habeas Corpus
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the right to a trial
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House of Representatives
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the lower house of congress
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Hudson River
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major route for trade flows through New York
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Impeach
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to be voted out of office by another body
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Indentured servants
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servants that are under contract
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Influence of Spain in Colonies
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influenced georgia and lower colonies
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Intolerable Acts
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the laws imposed by the british in response to the boston tea party 5 laws
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James Armistead
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former slave and spy
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Jamestown
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the first permanent english settlement in the US
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John Adams
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second pres. Revolutionary, very influential in writing the constitution and a federalist
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John Paul Jones
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the naval commander of the revolutionary war, sometimes referred to as the "Father of the American Navy”.
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Joint Stock Company
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any company owned by shareholders. A joint-stock company is a business entity where different stocks can be bought |
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Judicial Branch
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interpret and apply laws interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws violate the Constitution. The judicial branch is comprised of the Supreme Court and other federal courts
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Jury
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a group of one piers that makes a judgement in court, a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question)
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King George III
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the king that imposed acts that the colonists rioted against born
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Law
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a bill that has made it through congress that the president has signed. a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior.
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Lawful Assembly
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the first amendment guarantees “people can gather in public”
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Legislative Branch
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the branch of gov. That makes laws (the house and the senate) a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city
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Lexington/Concord
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paul revere rode through from boston. The shot heard around the world met by minutemen, April 19, 1775, kicked off the American Revolutionary War Tensions had been building for many years between residents of the 13 American colonies and the British authorities April 18, 1775, hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord in order to seize an arms cache.
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Limited Government
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the government does not have complete power. a concept in political philosophy in which governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution
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Loyalists
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people who were loyal to britain who lived in the colonies. loyalism refers to an individual's allegiance toward an established government, political party especially during times of war and revolt.
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Marquis de Lafayette
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military officer french officer fought in revolutionary war connected to george washington, worked with thomas jefferson to establish trade with france.
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Mason Dixon Line
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a line that separated the north and south colonies. was surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in the resolution of a border dispute involving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in Colonial America |
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Mayflower
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the pilgrims came on this ship and landed on the ship that transported the first English Separatists, known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth to the New World in 1620.
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Mercantilism
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an economic theory and practice that the government should encourage trade because trade generates wealth. A belief that trade is good
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Migration
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seasonal movement of animals from one region to another. when a person ar a group of people move one place to another “following the food supply or climate”
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Militia
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a military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency. a military forced raised with the civilian population
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Mississippi River
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american controlled territory west of apps until mississippi. the major north to south water route that divided the east from the west of the US
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Navigation Acts
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a series of Acts passed in the English Parliament. designed to regulate colonial trade and enabled England to collect duties only british ships could import or export goods from the colonies
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New Jersey plan
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presented by William Paterson.This plan proposed that the legislature be composed of only one house and that each state had equal representation in that house all states got equal representation and a unicomrol gov with no presidents. Instead of 1 pres there would be 4
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New York
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a state in the northeastern United States, major trading city because it was on the hudson river was the original capital of the US
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Old North Bridge
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historical site in the Battle of Concord, the first day of battle in the American War of Independence. in lexington and concord. the first place that the redcoats and minutemen were met in rev. War
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Old North Church
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where paul revere put the lanterns. 1if by land 2 if by sea. Signaled to boston that the redcoats were coming. oldest standing church building in Boston
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Pacific Ocean
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the ocean on the west side of the US the largest ocean in the world. 165.25 million square kilometers (63.8 million square miles) 46% of the Earth's water surface and about one
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Patriot
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colonists that wanted a new country and to break away from England someone who feels a strong support for their country
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Paul Revere
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he engraved wood for a living. Free Mason. A patriot who volunteered to signal boston and others about the the red coats attacking. prominent Boston silversmith, who helped organize an intelligence and alarm system to keep watch on the British military
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Physical Geography
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the study of the natural land and atmosphere aka geosystems or physiography
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Plymouth
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the colony the pilgrims settled in founded by a group of Separatists initially known as the Brownist Emigration and Anglicans, who came to be known as the Pilgrims.
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political Geography
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the study of political boundaries of counties, cities, state are affected by spatial structures
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Popular Sovereignty
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majority rule where the people make the decision of the government. every citizen is sovereign,and could unite and each delegate a portion of their sovereign powers and duties to those who wished to temporarily serve as officers of a state, who would serve according to the will of the people
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Preamble
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the introduction to the constitution. Lays down the policies and responsibilities of the government. Founding Fathers' intentions regarding the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped the Constitution would achieve
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Proclamation of 1763
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separated the indians and the colonists. A proclamation that separated the indians tribe fighting in the french and indian war. the british pleased indians by keeping the settlers land in check connected to the french and indian war.
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Proprietary Colonies
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colonies created from land grant they made the laws and government thirteen colonies that became states of the United States of America
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Protests
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a statement or action a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something
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Puritans
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looking for a pure form for christianity. Still in America today. group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to "purify" the Church of England from its "Catholic" practices,
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Quakers
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a belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access "that of God in every person”. Very emotional church |
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Quebec Act
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to set up british government in quebec which was french land. restored the use of the French civil law for matters of private law
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Republicanism
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believes i the right of the individual over the government. the dominant political value of Americans during and after the American Revolution
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Roanoke
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indian tribe that did a lot of work with the colonies. were a Carolina Algonquian
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Rocky Mountain Range
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divides the north america watershed into the pacific ocean and the atlantic. formed from 80 million to 55 million years ago
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Royal Colonies
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a colony ruled by a person that was chosen by the the king of england governed by the king
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Samuel Adams
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Leader of the sons of liberty. Patriot.American Founding Father Samuel Adams helped organize the Boston Tea Party and signed the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
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Search and Seizure
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the idea that authorities can search you and take evidence The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures
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Senate
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upper chamber of the bicameral United States Congress, duties include. Equal representation of all states ratification of treaties, the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries, Supreme Court justices, federal judges, other federal executive officials, flag officers, regulatory officials, ambassadors, and other federal uniformed officers
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Separation of Powers
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the division of responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.
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Slave codes
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a set of laws that allowed a slave's master to retrieve their slave from free states without their permission
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Sons of Liberty
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underground organization that were against the british. an organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government
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Stamp Act
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the first internal tax levied directly on American colonists by the British government. imposed a tax on all paper
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Sugar acts
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raising act passed by the British Parliament of Great Britain in April of 1764 put taxes on molasses and sugar connects to the trade triangle sold to the colonies by britain and made in cuba
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Supreme Court
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HIghest Court within the legal system that determines constitutionality of laws
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Tariff
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tax paid by foreign companies when they import. Tax on imports
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The ⅗ Compromise
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started the civil war. The population of slaves would be counted as ______when apportioning Representatives for the state
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The Great Compromise
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debate of the new jersey plan or the virginia plan 1787 debate over small vs. big states solved by giving equal number of senators. Number of representatives based on population.
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The Supreme Law of the Land
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everything explicitly stated in the constitution. refers to the U.S. Constitution and any federal laws and treaties based upon it. In short, it means that constitutional or federal law is upheld over state law
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The Treaty of Paris
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1763 treaty to end french and indian war, french were removed from canada british gain territory west of the apps until mississippi river
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The Virginia Plan
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Written by Edmund Randolph, also known as the Large State Plan based on a national and state government system with a Separation of Powers consisting of legislative, executive, and judicial branches. A bicameral legislature (two houses) consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate |
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Thomas Jefferson
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statesman, third president, principal author of dec of independence,
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Thomas Paine
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author of common sense, “give me liberty or give me death” English
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Townshend Acts
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a series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America
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Triangular Trade
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a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. From Africa to the americas with slaves, america to england with goods and England to Africa with manufactured goods.
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Valley Forge
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the harsh winter quarters where the continental army withstood the harshest winter.military camp northwest of Philadelphia where the American Continental Army spent the winter of 1777–78 during the American Revolutionary War.
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Veto
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the president does not accept the power to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation
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Wampanoag
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American Indian tribe in Massachusetts that connected with the pilgrims at the first thanksgiving
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Warrant
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type of authorization issued by a competent officer which permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights. A judges order that they can search and siege
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