8Th Grade Science Chapter 23

Front 1

A round, three-dimensional object is called

Back 1

sphere

Front 2

The imaginary vertical line around which the Earth spins

Back 2

axis

Front 3

The spinning of the Earth on its axis

Back 3

rotation

Front 4

Earth's yearly orbit around the Sun

Back 4

revolution

Front 5

An ellongated, closed curve which is the Earth's orbit

Back 5

Ellipse

Front 6

The day when the Sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator

Back 6

Solstice

Front 7

Occurs when the sun is directly above the Earth's equator

Back 7

Equinox

Front 8

The different forms that the moon takes in its appearance from Earth

Back 8

Moon phase

Front 9

Occurs when the moon is between the earth and the sun

Back 9

new moon

Front 10

Occurs when more of the illuminated half of the moon can be seen each night

Back 10

waxing

Front 11

Occurs when all of the moon's surface facing the Earth reflects light

Back 11

Full moon

Front 12

Occurs when you see less of the moon's illuminated half every night

Back 12

waning

Front 13

Occurs when the moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts its shadow over part of the Earth

Back 13

solar eclipse

Front 14

When the earth's shadow falls on the moon, what is occuring

Back 14

lunar eclipse

Front 15

Dark, flat regions of the surface of the moon that has filled with lava

Back 15

maria

Front 16

A hollow left on the surface of the moon caused by an object striking its surface

Back 16

impact basin

Front 17

Who was the early Greek astronomer that suspected the earth was spherical

Back 17

Aristotle

Front 18

How long does one complete rotation of the Earth?

Back 18

24 hours

Front 19

How many rotations does the earth complete in 1 year?

Back 19

365

Front 20

Are the magnetic north pole and the rotational north pole at the same place?

Back 20

No

Front 21

What shape is the Earth's orbit around the sun? Circle or Ellipse?

Back 21

Ellipse

Front 22

Is the sun at the center of the earth orbit?

Back 22

No -- it is a little toward 1 end

Front 23

During what month does the earth get the closest to the sun?

Back 23

January

Front 24

When does the earth get the farthest from the sun?

Back 24

July

Front 25

What feature of the earth causes the seasons?

Back 25

It has a tilted axis

Front 26

When does summer solstice occur?

Back 26

June 21 or 22

Front 27

When does winter solstice occur

Back 27

December 21 or 22

Front 28

What is the longest day of the year?

Back 28

Summer Solstice -- June 21

Front 29

What is the shortest day of the year?

Back 29

Winter Solstice -- December 21

Front 30

True or False. Most of the time, the sun is directly above the earth's equator

Back 30

False. Most of the time, the sun is either north or south of the equator

Front 31

How many times a year is the sun directly over the earth's equator and what are these occurrences called?

Back 31

Twice -- Summer Equinox and Fall Equinox

Front 32

What is it called when there is an equal amount of daylight and nightime hours all over the world?

Back 32

Equinox

Front 33

During an equinox, are either the northern or sorthern hemispheres tilted toward the sun?

Back 33

No

Front 34

How many days does it take the moon to rotate on it's axis?

Back 34

27.3 days

Front 35

How many days does it take for the moon to revolve all the way around the earth?

Back 35

27.3 days

Front 36

True or False. The same side of the moon always faces the Earth

Back 36

True

Front 37

True or False The earth has a magnetic field much like that of a bar magnet

Back 37

True

Front 38

What occurs when the earth or the moon temporarily block sunlight from reaching the other

Back 38

Eclipse

Front 39

What is the spacecraft that took detailed high-resolution photos of the moon's surface?

Back 39

Clementine

Front 40

What is the name of the moon's south pole

Back 40

Aitken Basin

Front 41

Data from the Clementine indicates that there is the presence of what on the moon's south pole?

Back 41

ice

Front 42

During a new moon, does the lighted half of the moon face the sun or earth?

Back 42

Sun

Front 43

What side of the moon faces the earth during a new moon -- dark or light?

Back 43

dark

Front 44

Why can't you see a new moon?

Back 44

Beecause it rises and sets with the sun.

Front 45

24 hours after a new moon you can see a thin slice of the moon -- what is it known as?

Back 45

waxing crescent

Front 46

When more than one quarter of the new moon is visible, it is called what

Back 46

Waxing gibbous

Front 47

What moon phase is #1

Back 47

New Moon

Front 48

What moon phase is #2

Back 48

Waxing Crescent

Front 49

What moon phase is #3?

Back 49

1st Quarter

Front 50

What moon phase is #4

Back 50

Waxing gibbous

Front 51

What moon phase is #5

Back 51

Full Moon

Front 52

What moon phase is #6

Back 52

Waning gibbous

Front 53

What moon phase is #7?

Back 53

3rd Quarter

Front 54

What moon phase is #8?

Back 54

Waning Crescent

Front 55

What causes an eclipse

Back 55

the revolution of the moon

Front 56

What is the darkest portion of the moon's shadow called?

Back 56

umbra

Front 57

Surrounding the umbra is a lighter shadow on Earth's surface called what?

Back 57

penumbra

Front 58

In 1959, the Soviet Union launched the first spacecraft to the moon. What was it called?

Back 58

Luna

Front 59

What was the first spacecraft the US sent to study the moon?

Back 59

Ranger

Front 60

In 1969, what was the name of the mission that took astronauts to the moon?

Back 60

Apollo 11