8Th Grade Math Textbook Vocabulary

Front 1

Absolute Value

Back 1

The distance of a number from zero on a number line.

Front 2

Accuracy

Back 2

The closeness of a given measurement or value to the actual measurement or value.

Front 3

Acute Angle

Back 3

An angle that measures less than 90 degrees.

Front 4

Acute Triangle

Back 4

A triangle with all angles measuring less than 90 degrees.

Front 5

Addition Property Of Equation

Back 5

The property that states that if you add the same number to both sides of an equation, the new equation will have the same solution.

Front 6

Addition Property of Opposites

Back 6

The preoperty that states that the sum of a number and its opposite equals zero.

Front 7

Additive Inverse

Back 7

The opposite of a number.

Front 8

Ajacent Angles

Back 8

Angles in the same plane that have a common vertex and a common side.

Front 9

Algebraic Expression

Back 9

An expression that contains at least one variable.

Front 10

Algebraic Inequality

Back 10

An inequality that contains at least one variable.

Front 11

Alternate Exterior Angles

Back 11

A pair of angles on the outer sides of two lines cut by a transversal that are on opposite sides of the transversal.

Front 12

Alternate Interior Angles

Back 12

A pair of angles on the inner sides of two lines cut by a transversal that are on opposite sides of the transversal.

Front 13

Angle

Back 13

A figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint called vertex.

Front 14

Angle Bisector

Back 14

A line, segment, or ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles.

Front 15

Arc

Back 15

An unbroken part of a ciircle.

Front 16

Area

Back 16

The number of square units needed to cover a given surface.

Front 17

Arithmetic Sequence

Back 17

An ordered list of numbers in which the difference between consecutive terms is always the same.

Front 18

Associative Property (Addition)

Back 18

The property that states that for all real numbers a, b, and c, the sum is always the same, regardless of their grouping.

Front 19

Associative Property(Multiplication)

Back 19

The property that states that for all real numbers a, b, and c, their product is always the same, regardless of their grouping.

Front 20

Average

Back 20

The sum of a data divided by the number of items in the data set; also called mean.

Front 21

Average Deviation

Back 21

The average distance a data value is from the mean.

Front 22

Axes

Back 22

The two perpendicular lines of a coordinate plane that intesect at the origin.

Front 23

Back to Back stem-and-leaf plot

Back 23

A stem-and leaf plot that compares two sets of data by displaying one set of data to the left of the stem and the other to the right.

Front 24

Bar Graph

Back 24

A graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to display data.

Front 25

Base-10 System

Back 25

A number system in which all numbers are expressed using the digit 0-9.

Front 26

Base (In Numeration)

Back 26

When a number is raised to a power, the number rhat is used as a factor is the base.

Front 27

Base (Of a polygon or three-dimesional figure)

Back 27

A side of a polygon; a face of three dimensional figure by which the figure is measured or classified.

Front 28

Biased Sample

Back 28

A sample that does not fairly represent the population.

Front 29

Binary Number System

Back 29

A number system in which all numbers are expressed using only two digits.

Front 30

Bisect

Back 30

To divide into two congruent parts.

Front 31

Boundary Line

Back 31

The set of pionts where the two sides of a two-variable linear inequality are equal.

Front 32

Box-and-whisker plot

Back 32

A graph that displays the higest and lowest quarters of data as whiskers, the middle two quarters of the data as a box, and the median.

Front 33

Break (Graph)

Back 33

A zigzag on a horizontal or vertical scale of a graph that indicates that some of the numbers on the scale have been omitted.

Front 34

Capacity

Back 34

The amount a container can hold when filled.

Front 35

Celsius

Back 35

A metric scale for measuring temperature in which 0 degrees is freezing point of water and 100 degrees c is the boiling point of water also called centigrade.

Front 36

Center (Of a circle)

Back 36

The point inside a circle that is the same distance from all points on the circle.

Front 37

Center (Of dilation)

Back 37

The point of intersection of lines from all the angles in a dilation.

Front 38

Center (Of rotation)

Back 38

The point about which a figure is rotated.

Front 39

Central Angle

Back 39

An angle formed by two radii with its vertex at the center of a circle.

Front 40

Certain (probability)

Back 40

Sure to happen; having a probability of 1.

Front 41

Chord

Back 41

A segment with its endpoints on a circle.

Front 42

Circle

Back 42

The set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a given point called the center.

Front 43

Circle Graph

Back 43

A graph that uses sectors of a circle to campare parts to the whole and parts to other parts.

Front 44

Circumference

Back 44

The distance around a circle.

Front 45

Clockwise

Back 45

A circular movement to the right.

Front 46

Coefficient

Back 46

The number that is multiplied by the variable in an algebraic expression.

Front 47

Combination

Back 47

An arrangement of items or events in which order does not matter.

Front 48

Commission

Back 48

A fee paid to a person for making a sale.

Front 49

Commission Rate

Back 49

The fee paid to a person who makes a sale expressed as a percent of the selling price.

Front 50

Common Denominator

Back 50

Denominator that os the same in two or more fractions.

Front 51

Common Difference

Back 51

The difference between any two successive terms in an arithemetic sequence.

Front 52

Common Factor

Back 52

A number that is factor of two or more numbers.

Front 53

Common Multiple

Back 53

A number that is multiple of each of two or more numbers.

Front 54

Common Ratio

Back 54

The ratio each termsis multiplied by a produce the next term in a geometric sequence.

Front 55

Commutitive Property (Addition)

Back 55

The property that states that two or more numbers can be added in any order without changing the sum. Ex: 8+20=20+8; a+b=b+a

Front 56

Commutitive Property (Multiplication)

Back 56

The property that states that two or more numbers can be multiplied in any order without changing the product.

Front 57

Compatible Numbers

Back 57

Numbers that are close to the given numbers that make extimation or mental calculation easier.

Front 58

Complementary Angles

Back 58

Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees.

Front 59

Composite Number

Back 59

A number greater than 1 that has more than two whole-number factors.

Front 60

Compound Inequality

Back 60

A combination od more that one inequality.

Front 61

Compound Interest

Back 61

Interest earned or paid on principal and previosly earned or paid interest.

Front 62

Cone

Back 62

A 3D figure with one vetex and one circular base.

Front 63

Congruent

Back 63

Having the same size and shape.

Front 64

Congruent Angles

Back 64

Angles that have the same measure.

Front 65

Congruent Segments

Back 65

Segments that have the same length.

Front 66

Constant

Back 66

A value that does not change.

Front 67

Constant of Proportionality

Back 67

A constant ratio of two variables related proportionally.

Front 68

Conversion Factor

Back 68

A fraction whose numerator and denominator represent the same quantity but use defferent units, the fraction os equal to 1 because the numerator and the denominator are the equal.

Front 69

Coordinate Plane

Back 69

A plane formed by the intersection of a horizontal line called x-axis and a vertical line called y-axis.

Front 70

Coordinate

Back 70

One of the numbers of an ordered pair that locate on a coordinate graph.

Front 71

Correlation

Back 71

The discription of the relationship between two data sets.

Front 72

Corrspondence

Back 72

he relationship between two or more that are matched.

Front 73

Correspoding Angles (in lines)

Back 73

Angles formed by a transvesal cutting two or more lines and that are in the same relative position.

Front 74

Correspoding Angles (in polygons)

Back 74

Matching angles of two or more polygons.

Front 75

Correspoding Sides

Back 75

Matching sides of two or more polygons.

Front 76

Cosine (cos)

Back 76

In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

Front 77

Counterclockwise

Back 77

A circular movement to the left.

Front 78

Cross Product

Back 78

The product of numbers on the diagonal when comparing two ratios.

Front 79

Cube (geometric figure)

Back 79

A rectangular prism with six congruent square faces.

Front 80

Cube (in numeration)

Back 80

A number raised to the third power.

Front 81

Cumulative Frequency

Back 81

The sum of successive data items.

Front 82

Customary System of Measurement

Back 82

The measurement system often used in the United States.

Front 83

Cylinder

Back 83

A 3D figure with two parellel, congruent circular bases connected by a curved lateral surface.

Front 84

Decagon

Back 84

A ten sided polygon

Front 85

Decimal System

Back 85

A base-10 place value system

Front 86

Degree

Back 86

The unit of measure for angles or temperature.

Front 87

Density Property of Real Numbers

Back 87

The property that states that between any two real numbers, there is always another real number.

Front 88

Denominator

Back 88

The bottom number of a fraction that tells how many equal parts are in the whole.

Front 89

Dependant Events

Back 89

Events for which the outcome of one event affects the probability of the other.

Front 90

Diagonal

Back 90

A line segment that connects two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon.

Front 91

Diameter

Back 91

A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has endpoints on the circle, or the length of that segment.

Front 92

Difference

Back 92

The result when one number is subtracted from another

Front 93

Dilation

Back 93

A tranformation that enlarges or reduces a figure.

Front 94

Dimensions (geometry)

Back 94

The lenght, width,or height of a figure.

Front 95

Dimensions (of a matrix)

Back 95

The number of horizontal rows and vertical columns in a matrix.

Front 96

Direct Variation

Back 96

A relationship between two variables in which the data increase or decrease together at aconstant rate.

Front 97

Discount

Back 97

The amount by which the original price is reduced.

Front 98

Ditributive Property

Back 98

The propety that states if you multiply a sum by a number, you will get the same resul if you multiply each addend by that number and then add the products.

Front 99

Dividend

Back 99

The number to be divided in a division problem.

Front 100

Divisible

Back 100

Can be divided by a number without leaving a remainder.

Front 101

Division Property of Equality

Back 101

The preperty that states that if you divide both sides of an equation by the same nonzero number, the new equation will have the same solution.

Front 102

Divisor

Back 102

The number you are dividing by in a division problem.

Front 103

Dodecahedron

Back 103

A polyhedron with 12 faces.

Front 104

Domain

Back 104

The set of all possible input values of a function.

Front 105

Double-Bar Graph

Back 105

A bar graph that compares two related sets of data.

Front 106

Double-Line Graph

Back 106

A line graph that shows how two related sets of data change qver time.

Front 107

Edge

Back 107

The line segment along whinch two faces of a polyheron intersect.

Front 108

Elements (Of a matrix)

Back 108

Individual entries in a matrix.

Front 109

Elements (sets)

Back 109

The wors, numbers, or objects in a set.

Front 110

Empty Set

Back 110

A set that has no elements.

Front 111

Enlargement

Back 111

An increase in siz of all dimensions n the same proportion.

Front 112

Equally Likely Outcomes

Back 112

Outcomes that have the same probability.

Front 113

Equation

Back 113

A mathematical sentence that shows that two expressions are equivalent.

Front 114

Equilateral Triangle

Back 114

A triangle with three conguent sides.

Front 115

Equivalent

Back 115

Having that same value.

Front 116

Equivalent Fractions

Back 116

Fractions that name the same amount or part.

Front 117

Equivalent Ratios

Back 117

Ratios that name the same comparison.

Front 118

Estimate

Back 118

An answer that is close to the exact anser and is foun by rounding or other method.

Front 119

Evaluate

Back 119

To find that value of a numerical or algebraic expression.

Front 120

Even Numbers

Back 120

A whole numbers that are divisible by two.

Front 121

Event

Back 121

An outcome or set of outcomes of an experiment or situation.

Front 122

Expanded Form

Back 122

A number written as the sum of the values of its digits.

Front 123

Experiment (probability)

Back 123

In probability, any activity based on chance (such as tossing a coin).

Front 124

Experimental Probability

Back 124

Tha ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials, or times that the activity is performed.

Front 125

Exponent

Back 125

The number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor.

Front 126

Exponential Decay

Back 126

Occurs in an exponential function when the output f(x) gets smaller as the input x gets larger.

Front 127

Exponential Form

Back 127

A number is in exponential form when it is weitten with a base and an eponentent.

Front 128

Exponential Function

Back 128

A nonlinear function in which that variable is in the exponent.

Front 129

Exponential Growth

Back 129

Occurs in an exponential function when the output f(x) gets larger as the input x gets larger.

Front 130

Expression

Back 130

A mathematical pharase that contains operations, numbers, and/ or variables.