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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sacrum
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formed from 5 fused sacral vertebrae
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coccyx
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formed from 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
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thoracic + sacral Curvatures (kyposes)
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concave anteriorly
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cervical + lumbar curvatures (lordoses)
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concave posteriorly
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primary curvatures
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thoracic + sacral
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secondary curvatures
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cervical + lumbar
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characteristics of a typical vertebrae
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1) vertebral body
2) vertebral arch 3) seven processes |
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atlas
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no spinous process or body
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axis
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has dens or odontoid process that provides pivot for atlas
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vertebrae canal
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formed from sucession of vertebral foramina
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characteristic of thoracic vertebrae
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costal facets
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characteristic of cervical vertebrae
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foramina in the transverse process (where vetebral a. runs)
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intervertebral foramen
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where spinal nerves enter and exit
composed of 2 vertebrae |
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characteristic of lumbar vertebrae
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mamillary process on superior articular process
largest body |
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annulus fibrosis
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ring of concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage forming the circumference of the intervetebral disk
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nucleus pulposus
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last reminant of the notochord
central core of intervertebral disk |
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Most inferior functional disk
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bwt. L5 and S1
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siatica
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compression of sciatic nerve commonly caused by herniated disk in lumbar region
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vertebral ligaments
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1) anterior longitudinal ligament
2) posterior longitudinal ligament 3) Ligamentum flavum 4) Intraspinous and supraspinous ligaments |
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Ligamentum Flavum
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Connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae from C2 to S1
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anterior longitudinal ligament
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trong braod band on anterolateral bodies and IV discs from pelvic surface to the anterior tubercle of C1
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posterior longitudinal ligament
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narrow and runs in the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
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intraspinous ligament
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between the spinous processes
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supraspinous ligament
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posterior to spinous processes
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list of superficial extrinsic back muscles
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1) trapezius
2) latissimus dorsi 3) levator scapulae 4) rhomboids |
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extrinsic back muscles action
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invovled with the movements of the upper limbs and thoracic wall
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intrinsic back muscles innervation
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posterior rami
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extrinsic back muscles innervation
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anterior rami
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intrinsic back muscles action
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support and move the vertebral column, maintain posture, and help move the head
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Trapezius Functional Divisions
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1) Superior part = elevates scapula
2) Middle part = retracts scapula 3) Inferior part = depresses scapula |
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superifical intrinsic back muscle
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splenius muscle
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intermediate intrinsic back muscle
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Erector spinae muscles
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trapezius origin
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medial third of the superior nucal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-C12
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trapezius insertion
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lateral third of the clavicle; acromion and spine of the scapula
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trapezius action
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elevates and depresses the scapula; rotates the scapula superiorly; retracts scapula
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trapezius innervation
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spinal accessory nerve
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trapezius artery
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transverse cervical artery
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levator scapulae origin
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transverse processes of C1-C4
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levator scapulae insertion
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medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine
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levator scapulae action
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elevates the scapula
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rhomboids insertion
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medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula
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rhomboids action
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retracts, elevates, and rotates the scapula which depresses the glenoid fossa
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rhomboids innervation
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dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
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rhomboids artery
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dorsal scapular a.
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rhomboid major origin
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spines of vertebrae T2-T5
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rhomboid minor origin
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inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1
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latissimus dorsi origin
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vertebral spines form T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs
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latissimus dorsi insertion
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floor of the intertubercular groove
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latissimus dorsi action
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extends the arm and rotates the arm medially
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latissimus dorsi innervation
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thoracodorsal nerve
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latissimus dorsi artery
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thoracodorsal artery
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serratus posterior superior origin
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ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1-T3
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serratus posterior superior insertion
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ribs 2-5, lateral to the angles
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serratus posterior superior action
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elevates the upper ribs
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serratus posterior superior innervation
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branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T4
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serratus posterior superior artery
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posterior intercostal aa 1-4
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serratus posterior inferior origin
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thoracolumbar fascia, spines of vertebrae t11-T12 and L1-L2
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serratus posterior inferior insertion
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ribs 9-12 lateral to the angles
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serratus posterior inferior action
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pulls down lower ribs
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serratus posterior inferior innervation
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branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12
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serratus posterior inferior artery
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lowest posterior intercostal a, subcostal a, first two lumbar aa
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iliocostalis origin
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iliac crest and sacrum
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ilioliocostalis insertion
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angles of the ribs
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iliocostalis action
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extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck
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iliocostalis innervation
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dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5
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iliocostalis artery
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supplied segmentally by deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal aa, subostal aa, lumbar aa
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longissimus origin
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transverse process of inferior vertebral levels
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longissimus insertion
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transverse process at superior vertebral levels and mastoid process
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longissimus action
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extends and laterally bends trunk, neck, and head
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longissimus innervation
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dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1
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longissimus innervation
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dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S5
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longissimus artery
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supplied segmentally by deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal aa, subcostal aa, lumbar aa
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spinalis origin
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spinous processes at inferior vertebral levels
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spinalis insertion
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spinous processes at superior vertebral levels and base of the skull
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spinalis action
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extends and laterally bends trunk and neck
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spinalis innervation
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dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3
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spinalis artery
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supplied segmentally by deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal aa, subcostal aa, lumbar aa
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deep intrinsic back muscles origin
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transverse process of vertebrae
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deep intrinsic back muscles insertion
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spinous processes of superior vetebrae
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