7Th Grade Science: Chapter 4

Front 1

mixture

Back 1

a combination of substances in which the individual substances do not change or combine chemically but instead retain their own individual properties; can be gases, solids, liquids, or any combination of them.

Front 2

organic compound

Back 2

compounds that always contain hydrogen and carbon; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic compounds found in living things

Front 3

enzyme

Back 3

a type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells

Front 4

inorganic compound

Back 4

compound, such as H2O that is made from elements other than carbon and whose atoms can usually be arranged in only one structure.

Front 5

passive transport

Back 5

movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

Front 6

diffusion

Back 6

a type of passive transport in cells in which molecules move from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are fewer of them.

Front 7

equilibrium

Back 7

occurs when molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance.

Front 8

osmosis

Back 8

a type of passive transport that occurs when water diffiuses through a cell membrane

Front 9

active transport

Back 9

energy-requiring process in which transport proteins bind with particles and move them through a cell membrane.

Front 10

endocytosis

Back 10

process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.

Front 11

excocytosis

Back 11

process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell

Front 12

metabolism

Back 12

the total of all chemical reactions in an organism

Front 13

photosynthesis

Back 13

process by which plants and many other producers use light energy from the Sun to make sugars, which can be used as food.

Front 14

respiration

Back 14

series of chemical reactions used to release energy stored in food molecules

Front 15

fermentation

Back 15

process by which oxygen-lacking cells and some one-celled organisms release small amounts of energy from glucose molecules and produce wastes such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid.